Growth of present-day english vocabulary

Reasons:

Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as green revolution, benzine, calorie, electon, sputnik, spacecraft, radium.
Social, economic and political changes being about an increasing number of new words, relating to food, clothing, music, television and films, politics and economy, education, women’s liberation and drug culture, such as fast food, hip huggers, disco, Watergate, telequiz, chairperson, soft drug, iron, curtain, cold war, emancipation, capitalism
The influence of other culture and languages can be felt in many different fields, like cuisine (stir frying), black nationalist (dashhikies), American fashion (Mao jacket), martial arts (kungfu). Cinema, newsreel, Technicolour.
Fashion for the phenomena: lambada.

Channels of vocabulary development: creation, semantic change, borrowing, reviving archaic or obsolete words, coinage.

Creation: the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements. It is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.

Semantic change: An old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. It does not increase the number of word forms but creates many more new usages of the words.

Borrowing: taking over words from foreign languages. They play a vital role in the development of vocabulary. Borrowed words constitute 6-5% of all new words.

Reviving archaic or obsolete words: give no longer used words some new meanings to meet new need.

Coinage is the invention of totally new words: xerox, kleenex, nylon, aspirin.

The origin of the english words

native words (about 30%) borrowings/loan-words		Indo-European	father, nose, cow, tree, red, be, to stand, to sit
		Germanic	to see, to hear, fox, grass, fur, head, old, good
		Proper English	bird, boy, lady, girl, lord, woman, daisy, always
	degree of assimilation borrowed aspect	denizen (fully-assimilated)	face, husband, table
		alien (partially-assimilated)	rajah, restaurant, cliché, datum
		barbarism/exotism	avocado, chao, lambada
		phonetic borrowing (loan word proper)	chair, bank, apparatchik, soprano, duet, lobby, iceberg
		translation or lexical loan/calque	pipe of peace, fair sex (< par coeur)
		semantic loan/calque	brigade, pioneer to dwell OE "to wander" VS ME "to live" < Scandinavian dvelja ("live")
		morphemic borrowing (etymological hybrids) when the elements of words are derived from different languages	eatable, distrust, beautiful un\|mis\|take\|able un\|mis- English take- Scandinavian -able Romanic
international words			anaconda, football, leggings

BORROWINGSdiffer from native words by their phonetic structure; their morphological structure; their grammatical forms; many borrowings are not motivated semantically.

Borrowing- " a word which was borrowed" + "process of borrowing".

Loan- "a word which was borrowed"

Source of borrowing - language from which the borrowing was taken.

Origin of borrowing - language to which the word may be traced.

paper <Fr papier < Lat papyrus < Gr papyros

source etymon origin

Etymology studies history and origin of words. The linguistic form which a later form derives is called etymon. Folk etymology arises when a word is assumed to come from a particular etymon, because of some association of form or meaning, whereas in fact the word has a different derivation. A word which provides a translation or explanation of another word is known as a gloss.

crayfish "Norway lobster" fish folk etymology etymon