Экзамен по английскому / Parts of Computer

Parts of Computer

A computers is made up of many components. There are five main types of components: microprocessor, memory chips, input devices, storage devise and output devise. The microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit(CPU), does the actual computing. Memory chips hold data and processing instructions for use by the microprocessor. The computer receives data trough input devise, such as a keyboard. Storage devise, witch include disks and types, hold data instruction to transfer to memory. Output devise, such as monitor, show results of the computer work.

The microprocessor consist of thousands of transistors, other electronic devise and wires. These parts are arranged in circuits and built into chip. All data enter the processor as electric charges that represent numbers in binary numeration system .

Memory chips are two basic kings. There are read-only memory(ROM) and random access memory(RAM). A ROM chip hold it’s memory even when the computers turned off. However, the computer user can’t change the memory. ROM chips are used to hold instruction that a computer runs repeatedly.

A RAM chips hold it’s memory as long as power is on, but user can change the memory. RAM chips store only he information that currently needed by the processor.

Input devise are keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, modem, scanner, microphone and so on.

Storage devise include hard disk, floppy disks, flash, compact disks and etc. Hard disk can hold thousands of programmers and files.

Magnetic disks called removable storage disks.

Output devise include monitor, printers, potters and speakers.

Computer in our life.

Computers are used more and more often in the world today. Nearly everything we do in the world is helped, or even controlled by computers, because they are far more efficient that human beings. They have much better numerous and they can store much information. Computer can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and even play chess, write poetry or compose music.

Ordinary computers can remembers only data stored in the hard disk. Now scientists have designed machines , that are capable of learning from experience and remembering what they have learned. Such machines is capable of recognizing object without human help or control.

Computers extended the power of the human mind across the existing barriers. Computers are one of great importance in modern hospital, on factories, in security, at the banks and so on.

Information science with the ideas and message of processing and storing information is of great importance today. So, everyone should know computer technologies today.

The Internet.

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces million of users all over the world, began in the USA in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear. Most of the Internet host computers are in the USA, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World Wide Web, telnet , ftp.

In many development countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries.

The Internet is the larges Wide area networks a global consortium of networks linked by common communicated programs. The Internet is mammoth resource of data, programs, and utilities.