- •Discursive Pragmatics
- •Table of contents
- •Preface to the series
- •Acknowledgements
- •Discursive pragmatics
- •References
- •Appraisal
- •1. Introduction
- •2.1 Attitude – the activation of positive or negative positioning
- •2.1.1 Affect
- •2.1.2 Judgement
- •2.1.3 Appreciation
- •2.1.4 Modes of activation – direct and implied
- •2.1.5 Typological criteria
- •2.1.6 The interplay between the attitudinal modes
- •2. Overview
- •2.2 Intersubjective stance
- •3. Attitudinal assessment – a brief outline
- •3.1 Affect
- •3.2 Judgement
- •3.3 Appreciation
- •4. Engagement: An overview
- •4.1 Dialogic contraction and expansion
- •4.2 Further resources of dialogic expansion
- •4.2.1 Acknowledge
- •4.2.2 Entertain
- •4.3 Further resources of dialogic contraction
- •4.3.1 Pronounce
- •4.3.2 Concur
- •4.3.3 Disclaim (Deny and Counter)
- •4.3.4 Disclaim: Deny (negation)
- •4.3.5 Disclaim: Counter
- •4.4 Engagement resources – summary
- •5. Conclusion
- •References
- •Cohesion and coherence
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Focus on form: Cohesion
- •3. Cohesion as a condition for coherence
- •4. Focus on meaning: Connectivity
- •5. Semantic connectivity as a condition for coherence
- •6. Coherence: A general view
- •8. Coherence as a default assumption
- •9. Perspectives
- •References
- •1. Definitions
- •2. Historical note
- •3. Principles of CL
- •4. Trends
- •4.1 Social Semiotics
- •4.3 The socio-cognitive model
- •4.4 Discourse-Historical Approach
- •4.5 Lexicometry
- •5. Conclusion
- •References
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Historical overview – from the pre-theoretical to the present phase
- •2.1 Origins and the pre-theoretical phase
- •2.2.1 Charles Bally (1865–1947)
- •2.2.2 Gustave Guillaume (1883–1960)
- •2.3 Second phase: Main theoretical foundation
- •2.3.1 Emile Benveniste (1902–1976)
- •2.4 Third phase: Modern developments
- •2.4.1 Antoine Culioli (born in 1924)
- •2.4.2 Oswald Ducrot (born in 1930)
- •2.4.3 Jacqueline Authier-Revuz (born in 1940)
- •3. Some basic notions
- •3.1 Enunciation and enunciator
- •3.2 Situation/Context
- •3.3 Subjectivity and deixis
- •3.4 Reported speech
- •3.5 Modality and modalization
- •3.6 Modalities of enunciation (modalités d’énonciation)
- •3.7 Utterance modalities (modalités d’énoncé)
- •Figures of speech
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Ancient rhetoric
- •3. Contemporary treatments of FSP
- •3.1 Definition of FSP
- •3.2 Classification of FSP
- •4. Across the lines of discipline: The cognitive and communicative role of FSP
- •References
- •Genre
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Historical precedents
- •3. Genre research in language studies
- •3.1 Sydney school
- •3.2 New Rhetoric
- •3.3 English for Specific Purposes
- •4. Issues and debates
- •4.1 Genre as class
- •4.2 Stability of genres
- •References
- •Internet sources
- •Humor
- •1. Introduction and definition
- •2. Referential and verbal humor
- •3.2 The script-based semantic theory of humor
- •3. Semantics
- •3.1 The isotopy-disjunction model
- •4. The cooperative principle and humor
- •4.1 Grice and Gricean analyses
- •4.2 Humor as non-bona-fide communication
- •4.3 Relevance-theoretic approaches to humor
- •4.4 Informativeness approach to jokes
- •4.5 Two-stage processing of humor
- •5. Conversation analysis
- •5.1 Canned jokes in conversation
- •5.1.1 Preface
- •5.1.2 Telling
- •5.1.3 Response
- •5.2 Conversational humor
- •5.2.1 Functional conversational analyses
- •5.2.2 Quantitative conversational analyses
- •6. Sociolinguistics of humor
- •6.1 Gender differences
- •6.2 Ethnicity and humor
- •7. Computational humor
- •9. Conclusion
- •References
- •Intertextuality
- •1. From ‘literature’ to ‘text as a productivity which inserts itself into history’
- •2 Text linguistics on ‘textuality’
- •3. Dialogism and heteroglossia in a social-diachronic theory of discourse
- •4. Vološinov, pragmatics and conversation analysis: Sequential implicativeness and the translation of the other’s perspective
- •5. Synoptic and participatory views of human activity: Bakhtin, Bourdieu, sociolinguistic legitimacy (and the body)
- •6. Natural histories of discourse: Recontextualization/entextualization and textual ideologies
- •References
- •Manipulation
- •1. The ancient technique of rhetoric
- •2. The twentieth-century nightmare of ‘thought control’
- •3. Manipulation is not inherent in language structure
- •4. So let’s look at thought and social action
- •4.1 Drumming it in
- •4.2 Ideas that spread
- •5. What might override the cheat-checker?
- •6. Conclusion: Manipulation and counter-manipulation
- •References
- •Narrative
- •1. Narrative as a mode of communication
- •2. Referential properties
- •3. Textual properties
- •3.1 Narrative organization
- •3.2 Narrative evaluation
- •4. Contextual properties
- •References
- •Polyphony
- •1. Preliminaries
- •2. Polyphony in Bakhtin’s work
- •3. Polyphony in Ducrot’s work
- •4. The description of the polyphonic organization of discourse
- •5. The interrelations between polyphony and other dimensions of discourse structures
- •6. Conclusion
- •References
- •Pragmatic markers
- •1. The tradition and the present state of research on pragmatic markers
- •2. Defining the field
- •3. The terminology: Pragmatic marker or discourse marker?
- •4. Classification
- •5. Pragmatic markers and multifunctionality
- •6. Theoretical approaches to the study of pragmatic markers
- •7. Methodology
- •8. Pragmatic markers in the languages of the world
- •9. The diachronic study of pragmatic markers
- •10. The contrastive study of pragmatic markers
- •11. Pragmatic markers in translation studies
- •12. Pragmatic markers in native versus non-native speaker communication
- •13. Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic aspects
- •14. Pragmatic markers and the future
- •Public discourse
- •1. Introduction
- •1.1 Multiple readings of ‘publicness’
- •2. The situation-talk dialectic: ‘public’ as a feature of setting vs. ‘public’ as a feature of talk
- •2.2 Interaction-based approach
- •3. Goffman and the public order
- •4. Habermas and the public sphere
- •5. Transformation of the public sphere: Public discourse as mediated communication
- •5.1 The state’s role in the conflation of public and private discourses in contemporary societies
- •5.2 Surveillance and control: Information exchange as a site of struggle
- •6. Pragmatic theories of information exchange and the public sphere: Towards a social pragmatics
- •References
- •Text and discourse linguistics
- •1. On terminology
- •2. Historical overview
- •3. Important fields of study
- •3.1 Information structure
- •3.2 Cohesion
- •3.3 Coherence
- •3.4 Grounding
- •3.5 Discourse types and genres
- •4. Other trends
- •5. Applications
- •5.1 Practical applications
- •5.2 Acquisitional and diachronic studies
- •6. Final remarks
- •References
- •Text linguistics
- •1. The rise of text linguistics
- •2. Some central issues
- •References
- •Index
Genre 131
within the community of architecture students, a format students learn from their peers when entering the community (2002: 136). The critical question is then whether the recognisability of a genre as a form of action overrides the need for typification on the level of texts.
The above review suggests that there is increasing agreement in contemporary genre research that genres are not simply formal classes and that theoretical models must take account of issues like hybridity and genre change. It is notable, in particular, that representatives of the Sydney School, which has tended to take a taxonomic approach to mapping genres, also provide tools for the analysis of mixed texts. However, Medway’s questions regarding what determines genrehood also indicate that important differences remain, especially regarding the status of textual regularities as a marker of genre identity.10
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