2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.

3. Translate into English.

1. Термін “страхування”, на думку західних філологів, має ла-

тинське походження. 2. В основі його — слова “securus” і “sine”, які

означають “безтурботний”. 3. Отже, страхування відбиває ідею засте-

реження, захисту та безпеки. 4. У багатьох слов’янських мовах, у тому

числі й українській, виникнення терміна “страхування” пов’язують зі

словом “страх”. 5. Офіційне тлумачення терміна в Україні наведено в

Законі “Про страхування”. 6. Страхування — це вид цивільно-право-

вих відносин щодо захисту майнових інтересів громадян та юридич-

них осіб у разі настання певних подій (страхових випадків), визначе-

них договором страхування або чинним законодавством, за рахунок

грошових фондів, що формуються шляхом сплати громадянами та

юридичними особами страхових платежів (страхових внесків, страхо-

вих премій) та доходів від розміщення коштів цих фондів. 7. Страху-

вання — це двосторонні економічні відносини, які полягають у тому,

що страхувальник, сплачуючи грошовий внесок, забезпечує собі (чи

третій особі) у разі настання події, обумовленої договором або зако-

ном, суму виплати з боку страховика, який утримує певний обсяг від-

повідальності і для її забезпечення поповнює та ефективно розміщує

резерви, вживає превентивні заходи, спрямовані на зменшення ризи-

ку, а при потребі перестраховує частину своєї відповідальності.

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Task 32

1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.

PRODUCTION , MAN UFACTURING AN D SERVICES

Production may refer to:

• Production, costs, and pricing, the act of making things, in

microeconomics

• A term in magic (illusion) for the appearance of something out of

thin air

• A term in theatre for a play, opera, dance, ballet, or musical theater

Specific uses

• AI production or production rule system, a computer program

providing artificial intelligence

• Economic production, or Gross domestic product, a measure of the

size of an economy

• Film production or filmmaking, the process of making a film

• Lexeme production, an abstract unit of morphological analysis in

linguistics

• A production in computer science is a rule for symbol substitution.

• Mass production, large-scale production using an assembly line

• Manufacturing, processing raw materials into finished goods

Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, “making by hand”) is the

use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. The term may refer to

a vast range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most

commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are

transformed into finished goods on a large scale.

Manufacturing takes place under all types of economic systems. In a

capitalist economy, manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass

production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist

economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by a state agency

to supply perceived needs. In modern economies, manufacturing occurs

under some degree of government regulation.

Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required

for the production and integration of a product’s components. Some

industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term

fabrication instead. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with

engineering and industrial design. Examples of major manufacturers in

the United States include General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor

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Company, Chrysler, Boeing, Gates Rubber Company and Pfizer. Examples

in Europe include France’s Airbus and Michelin Tire. Modern proponents

of Fair Trade policy and a strong manufacturing base for the U. S. economy

include economists Paul Craig Roberts and Ravi Batra, and commentator

Lou Dobbs.

In economics and marketing, a service is the non-material equivalent

of a good. Service provision has been defined as an economic activity

that does not result in ownership, and this is what differentiates it from

providing physical goods. It is claimed to be a process that creates benefits

by facilitating either a change in customers, a change in their physical

possessions, or a change in their intangible assets.

Generally, a service can be defined as a set of benefits

• delivered from the accountable service provider, mostly in close

coaction with his service suppliers,

• generated by the functions of technical systems and/or by distinct

activities of individuals, respectively,

• commissioned according to the needs of his service consumers by

the service customer from the accountable service provider,

• rendered individually to the authorized service consumers on their

dedicated request,

• utilized by the service consumers for executing and/or supporting

their day-to-day business tasks or private activities.

By supplying some level of skill, ingenuity, and experience, providers

of a service participate in an economy without the restrictions of carrying

stock (inventory) or the need to concern xxves with bulky raw materials.

On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require marketing

and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical

restrictions.

Providers of services make up the Tertiary sector of industry.