2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.

3. Translate into English.

1. Офіс (англ. office, від лат. officium — обов’язок, служба) — в ан-

гломовних країнах — установа, контора, канцелярія, представництво

компанії, служба, службове приміщення. 2. Робоче місце має сприяти

працівникові у виконанні роботи. 3. Встановлення та використання

додаткових електронних пристроїв — комп’ютера, телефону, теле-

факсу — має полегшувати, а не ускладнювати щоденну працю. 4. Для

забезпечення максимальної продуктивності та ефективності праці

офісні приміщення повинні мати відповідну просторову конфігура-

цію та відповідне умеблювання. 5. Тепер існує кишеньковий офіс.

49

6. За розміром він не більше мобільного телефону, але він справжній

гігант за своїми можливостями. 7. Він поєднує в собі телефон, факс,

електронну пошту, Інтернет, адресну книгу і календар.

Task 21

1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.

EMPLOY MENT

Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the

employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined

as: “A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express

or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to

control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is

to be performed”. Black’s Law Dictionary page 471 (5th ed. 1979).

In a commercial setting, the employer conceives of a productive

activity, generally with the intention of creating profits, and the employee

contributes labour to the enterprise, usually in return for payment of

wages.

Employment also exists in the public, non-profit and household

sectors.

In the United States, the standard employment contract is considered

to be at-will meaning that the employer and employee are both free to

terminate the employment at any time and for any cause, or for no cause at

all. However, if a termination of employment by the employer is deemed

unjust by the employee, there can be legal recourse to challenge such a

termination. In unionised work environments in particular, employees who

are receiving discipline, up to and including termination of employment

can ask for assistance by their shop steward to advocate on behalf of the

employee. If an informal negotiation between the shop steward and the

company does not resolve the issue, the shop steward may file a grievance,

which can result in a resolution within the company, or mediation or

arbitration, which are typically funded equally both by the union and the

company. In non-union work environments, in the United States, unjust

termination complaints can be brought to the United States Department

of Labor. In the Canadian province of Ontario, formal complaints can be

brought to the Ministry of Labour (Ontario). In the province of Quebec,

grievances can be filed with the Commission des normes du travail.

50

To the extent that employment or the economic equivalent is not

universal, unemployment exists.

Employment is almost universal in capitalist societies. Opponents of

capitalism such as Marxists oppose the capitalist employment system,

considering it to be unfair that the people who contribute the majority

of work to an organization do not receive a proportionate share of the

profit. However, the Surrealists and the Situationists were among the

few groups to actually oppose work, and during the partially surrealistinfluenced

events of May 1968 the walls of the Sorbonne were covered

with anti-work graffiti.