V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст: Accounting

One might start by describing accountancy as the science of recording those business transactions which involve the transfer of money or money's worth in a manner which gives the maximum amount of information in the minimum amount of space.

It is usually the accountant who decides on the form which this recording shall take, or, in other words, he devises the bookkeeping system, and the book-keeper is responsible for making the entries in the account books.

Accountants are normally members of one of the professional organizations of accountants who only admit to membership those who have passed their examinations. Once a person has passed the examination and been admitted to membership he is said to be qualified. They have many other duties besides those connected with the actual account books. Only the largest business firms have fully qualified accountants on their staff, and the usual method is to retain a member of a firm of accountants who receives an annual fee for his services plus additional fees for any extra work that is done.

Вариант 7

1. Подчеркните причастный оборот и переведите предложение на русский язык:

The focus was made on the quality of goods, the productivity still falling behind.

2. Подчеркните в предложении герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложение на русский язык:

We are interested in buying these goods.

3. Переведите предложение, в котором содержится форма английского сослагательного наклонения:

If it were not for financial assistance, they wouldn’t be able to join this project.

4. Переведите предложение, содержащее инфинитивный оборот:

They established what is believed to be a solid system of relationships with trade partners.

V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст: History of Marketing

Marketing has been in existence for a number of millennia, ever since people first started to barter the surpluses they had accumulated.

After the Industrial Revolution made such surpluses more commonplace, the «marketing» of these became the province of the «salesman».

The first academic discussions of «marketing» can be traced back to the turn of the century.

However, in a wider sphere of practical business management, it was only after 1945 that the newly fashionable advertising agencies began to redefine the discipline in a way which came close to the modern concept of marketing. The 1959 may be seen as the decade of advertising.

Indeed, it was only at beginning of the 1960 that marketing in its modern form, hosed upon a customer focus, emerged on the scale that we know witness.

The discipline matured in the 1970 as, led by Philip Kotler's seminal text Marketing Management, and first published in 1967. Marketing became reutilized as an increasingly important function of management. Wolf and Smith charted another aspect of marketing's progress during this time.

By 1980 it was clear that the new concept of marketing was outdated. The strategic concept of marketing, a major evolution in the history of marketing thought, shifted the focus from the customer or product to the firm's external environment.

Вариант 8

1. Подчеркните причастный оборот и переведите предложение на русский язык:

When studying market economy we have to understand that business enterprise is the very heart of private property and market relationship.

2. Подчеркните в предложении герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложение на русский язык:

We insist on being sent the documents.

3. Переведите предложение, в котором содержится форма английского сослагательного наклонения:

This would most probably result in another recession.

4. Переведите предложение, содержащее инфинитивный оборот:

The arrival of the technical experts is not likely to change the general picture of the reforms under way.