V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст: Fixed Assets

Fixed assets: Fixed assets pose the most serious problem. Fixed assets are accounted for at historical cost and cover property, plant and equipment, and are not treated as a fixed asset and do not appear on the balance sheet at all. Even if depreciation rates are lower than in the West fixed assets are generally undervalued compared with Western practice.

Accounts receivable: Since, most Russian companies record sales when they receive payment, the sales margin is not accrued until that time. Therefore, accounts receivable are understated given that the sales margin is not reflected. Overdue accounts receivable are not disclosed separately.

Shareholders Equity: Retained earnings in Russia are usually allocated to various shareholders funds, such as the accumulation and consumption funds. Non tax-deductible expenses are charged to these funds without appearing in the profit and loss statement. However, there are some revenues that are directly credited to these funds. The results of fixed asset revaluations are credited to shareholders’ funds so that they grow dramatically at each revaluation.

Вариант 5

1. Подчеркните причастный оборот и переведите предложение на русский язык:

The part played by the small business is hard to overestimate.

2. Подчеркните в предложении герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложение на русский язык:

I like your way of doing it.

3. Переведите предложение, в котором содержится форма английского сослагательного наклонения:

No entry should be made unless the bookkeeper has the primary document.

4. Переведите предложение, содержащее инфинитивный оборот:

At the end of the year the statistic data will be found to be in line with the projections.

V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст: Accounting Documentation

The essential elements of accounting methodology are as follows:

Documents form the legal foundation for recording transactions according to the approved rules of bookkeeping. No entry should be made unless the bookkeeper has the primary document.

Taking inventory is the sole means of controlling the physical safety of assets and their valuation. It is the main method of supervising persons who are financially responsible for assets. Under the labor contract, the safeguarding of assets is always entrusted to a financially responsible person. The uniform Chart of Accounts, which provides the nomenclature of accounts and correspondence among them, must be used by all types of enterprises. Accounts included in the Chart are referred to as «synthetic» (main). They and their sub-accounts can be worked out in detail in so-called «analytical» (supporting) accounts according to the needs of the enterprise.

Double entry is a traditional accounting concept that is accepted in Russia as it is in all developed countries.

Internal reporting includes the general ledger, summary (principal) account registers, primary documents, inventory data, and interim responsibility statements. External reporting includes the Balance Sheet, Statement of Financial Results and Their Uses, and supplemental forms that are uniform and obligatory for all types of enterprises. Non-profit organizations and banks have their own uniform chart of accounts and financial reporting forms. Reporting is carried out according to statutory regulation and presented within strictly prescribed time limits. Information generated by the accounting system must be timely, reliable, full, accurate, and objective.

Вариант 6

1. Подчеркните причастный оборот и переведите предложение на русский язык:

As pointed out previously, the explanation given is by no means complete.

2. Подчеркните в предложении герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложение на русский язык:

Who is responsible for effecting due payments?

3. Переведите предложение, в котором содержится форма английского сослагательного наклонения:

It is important the terms to be observed.

4. Переведите предложение, содержащее инфинитивный оборот:

The exchange rate policy was developed earlier this year and found to be far from being perfect.