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Programme efficiency of preventive maintenance in correction of physical state and dynamics of mental capacity of children during exercise

A.Y. Gerasymchuk

Carpathian National University named after Vasyl Stefanik, Ukraine

L. L. Galamandjuk

Eastern European National University named after Lesya Ukrainka,Ukraine

Abstract. Operation of algorithm are directed at achieving fulfillment of norms of this preventive pedagogics and programming, principles of physical education and school hygiene theory of adaptation taking into account data received during confirming experiment..

Operation performed in the prescribed consistency to determine: the purpose and program objectives; forms who be used; their place in certain day and week of each semester; structure and sequence parameters influencing them in an academic year; composition and dosage of exercises for each lesson series a certain direction and optimal organization of children; types and content control system; necessary logistical support classes; direction and ways of interaction between teachers and elementary physical education classes and the first parents of the child.

Using within one semester of the proposed development of 21 girl and 21 boy achieved the much better results in solving the tasks than the traditional organization and content of physical education, which used 87 girls and 73 boys.

Keywords: preventive education, physical education, students first grade, correction, physical condition, mental performance.

Problem statement. Systematic monitoring of psychophysiological and physical condition of children, especially in the transition to the new conditions of life, is an important part of preventing reduction the efficiency of the body.

The latter is largely due to the formation of inadequate adaptation, especially social and psychological, which is 56% 76.6% [19]6-year-olds in connection with definite terms of the type of stress going on as leading among them is the beginning of the activities in school.

One way of solving a scientific problem singled is to provide leading comprehensive development of the child process motor activity that involves the use of exercise, preventive orientation

Analysis of the special literature information have found no offers programs of this kind implemented in various forms of physical training 6 year old students of the first grade of secondary school for the prevention of reduction the efficiency of the body in general and their existing inadequate adaptation to training activities. The mentioned leads to the need for relevant research.

Analysis of recent research and publications. A special role in shaping the future of physical, spiritual, intellectual and creative development of children occupies first year at school.

One of the reasons - the transition to new conditions of lifeprimarily related to the different parameters of the previous mental activities, daily routine, including training and rest, decreased physical activity [4; 20]. This approach is in large number of children is of the type of stress [5, 19], which leads to negative consequences, particularly in the to adequate development, health status, functional opportunities a child, especially if these characteristics are below the age norms [11].

So because of the inadequacy of mental load at the beginning of the first year of schooling stress of adaptation mechanisms is marked 17% in the mid - 71% [3], at the end - 63% [10].

The said characteristics, at the present stage of 43.2 to 51.7% [13] (67- 87% [2]) first graders with low physical performance; their vital capacity at 8-15% below the norm, and the value living index in more than 80% [14], the sample bar - 90% [13], the functionality of the system below the secure level of health.

However, in the regulation of heart rate activity is marked stress system: at rest pulsometry index variation is about 85 um. units, during and after exercise - much more than the norm - 55.1 and 155.2, respectively [20].

In 53.3% of girls and 37% boys functioning of of the muscular system by the value of the power index responsible to low [14]; respectively 52.1 and 56.7% [16] (according to other sources - 64% [8]) are distinct (I-II degrees), fatigue, learning activities, which proves overvoltage systems. One of the leading places in the way of life takes physical activity, as more becomes an integral part of its attributes, primarily due to the effect in the correction of psycho-physiological, physical condition and other characteristics [1]. Therefore one of of the major research areas of foreign experts at the present stage is to develop a strategy of physical education and education students [22; 23]. ]. In this connection it is noted [12; 18] the need for physical training preventative focus. Confirms it the basic provisions of the new of pedagogy directly - preventive [15; 17], in particular, that the primary social prevention as a component of training and education at the school for the development of conditions conducive to health, prevent adverse effects, increase the resistance to adverse environmental factors (including teaching load), physical condition, prevent the most common diseases of children. In this case, one of the promising approaches to the decisions of such tasks during physical activity is a differentiated preventive orientation that involves consideration manual motor asymmetry in children and forming the basis of the existing groups such typological features, content process [21]. However, no studies on the development of preventive programs focus being implemented in various forms of physical activity 6-year-olds who are students of the first grade of secondary school, to avoid reducing the efficiency of the body in general and their current inadequate adaptation to training activities.

Objectives, structure and methods. The aim of the study was experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of prevention programs developed during physical education decrease the efficiency of the body during the first year of a 6-year old children in the school.

During the study used a general (analysis, synthesis), teaching (testing, molding experiment), biomedical (spirometry, dynamometry, tonometry, pulsometry); sociological (interview on how OD Dubohay, questionnaire on how LM Kovaliova- according to the definition of social and psychological adaptation of children in learning activities at school), psycho (testing using the protocol «ESAP» - The European Survey on Aging protocol - to assess the state development of cognitive functions), mathematical and statistical methods. Offered algorithm programming content classes prevention during physical education negative trends in the the efficiency of the body in the first year of teaching children in school, is a complex operation aimed at achieving compliance with the provisions of this preventive of pedagogy and programming, principles of physical education,School of Hygiene and theory of adaptation based on the content of the program and the data obtained by us during the actual experiment. During the formation and realization of program content programming operations performed in established sequence to determine: goals and objectives; forms to be used and their location on a specific day and week of each semester; composition and consistency indicators influencing them in an academic year; composition and dosing of exercises for each lesson series a certain direction and optimal organization of children; types and content control system; necessary logistical support classes; guidelines and methods of interaction between teachers and elementary physical education classes and the first parents of the child. The determining in the program is prevention of negative trends in adaptation to first grade in school and change the following characteristics: while mobile minutes - associated with vertebral deformities an inadequate activity of cardiovascular and muscular systems due to the static body position when sitting; while moving breaks, physical activity after school - inadequate rest from training activities, maintenance of the achieved level (increase) without harm mental performance, emotional state normalization; during physical education classes, employment at home, mass sports and recreational activities and events at the end of quarter, specified performance and flexibility, speed individual motion, frequency of movements kinds coordination, ability to limit as much as possible to maintain (at the limit) the intensity perform actions that need expression of these qualities and meaning by physical training. Developed a program for one semester used the experimental group (E) girls (e) and boys (x), whose numbers - in 21 children aged 6 years; control group (C) number according 87 and 73 children used traditional peer organization, content and ways of its realization during physical education at school. At the beginning and end of studying adequacy of adaptation (social and psychological) to educational activities, functional parameters (vital capacity (VC), heart rate (HR) at rest, after dosed physical load and 45 seconds and rest, as well as power index (SI) and Ruff'ye index (DI). To study the physical qualities using the following tests: absolute muscular force - dynamometry brush top hand speed strength - running 30 meters, explosive force - long jump from their seats, the mobility of the lumbar spine - tilt forward sitting coordination in cyclic locomotion - 4h9 m shuttle run. Physical health status was assessed by the number transferred during the year of diseases where "no disease" - a high, "1 to 3" - average, "4 or more" - low levels. The survey results on how OD Dubohay [6] predicted that the maximum score for each answer - 5, the number of questions - 7 Average: 5-4.5 - indicates high 4.49-3.5 - average 3.49 -2.5 - well below average 2.49-1.0 - low level of social adaptation of the child in learning activities at school. The coefficients received when using questionnaires LM Kovaliova [7], interpreted as follows: 14% - no of maladjustment (high psychological adaptation); 15-30% - the average level of adaptation; 31-40% - low; 41% or more - failure of adaptation, the child needs consultation neuropsychiatrist. Conclusions about the efficacy of the program made ​​after comparing the data E and K groups of girls and boys, the number of parameters whose values ​​are significantly during the experiment (p-level of ˂0.05 to ˂0.001) have changed, and the number of values ​​at the end of that one research group were significantly better than the other.

Results. The girls. During the second semester of Ed improvement occurred all investigated indicators of physical fitness and functionalwith the exception of of blood pressure (BP), whose value is not taken into account (in all cases answered age norm) and (tab. 1). In Kd such change established only in the activities respiratory system (increase lung capacity - VC 4.1%, p <0.05) and absolute muscle force (23.1%; p <0.001). Other rates were noted only a certain tendency to change what was interpreted as an expression of their previously achieved at a level differences as values ​​were statistically unreliable. Using different versions of content exercise differently affected the mental capacity (AC) Girls research groups in the last week of training during the first half Monday-Tuesday both indicators (volume (OPZI) and speed (SHPZI) processing of visual information) in both groups increased, then - just in Ed. In the other study days of the week the speaker noted that Wednesday-Thursday in the first and second halves of these training days increased only OPZI in Ed, the Kd - marked expression at the achieved level. In the Kd for the second half of the school day Friday and OPZI SHPZI deteriorated by 19.4 and 23.4%, respectively (p <0.05) in Ed - remain at the achieved level. Also noted that each school day (in the first and second half), both metric Ed were considerably larger than Kd. Achieved the highest values ​​also differed: OPZI in Ed was 162.8 ± 1.9, with Kd - only 118.9 ± 5.73 bits ∙ s-1 (p <0.05) and reached their girls on Friday, but under the end and middle of the day; SHPZI in Ed was 5.2 ± 0.15, with Kd - 3.8 ± 0.21 bits ∙ s-1 (p <0.001), and reached the girls in the second half of the school day Friday.

Changes in physical state that occurred during the second semester, the impact on the state of adaptation of learning activities to the girls at school. So Ed value of the indicator of social adaptation improved by 6.8% (p <0.05) in CD, although a larger amount (16.7%; p <0.01), but in the end the value was less than the first (see. Table. 1). In particular, the social adaptation Ed estimated 4.7 ± 0.11 points, that is consistent with the high level, the Kd - 3.5 ± 0.1 (lower than average). Given the data received in the first semester during the academic year social adaptation in Ed improved in Kd decreased by 14.6% (p <0.001).

Analogous result received in a state of psychological adaptation girls with the difference that in the first semester value of the indicator Ed hardly changed in Kd - has worsened N 157.2% (p <0.01) in the second semester- all remained at the achieved level. In other words, psychological adaptation of Ed during the school year remained at a moderate level, Kd - worse than average to high exclusion. The generalization data showed that the number of indicators for the second semester considerably (P level of <0.05do r˂0.001) was improved, with all 24 patients (excluding the systolic and diastolic blood pressure), in Ed - 20 (5 of functional and physical fitness, and 1 - physical performance and physical health, 7 - associated with daily during the school week change in both indices RP 1 - rate adaptation in Kd - only 8 (1 functional (VC) and the index of physical fitness (flexibility), 6 - change related indicators RP).

On the criterion of the quantities of display parameters at the end, the result was as follows: of the 24 indicators in Ed better than in the Kd value of 22 marked in the past - none of index.

Boys. Boys in the experimental group was similar to the result obtained in girls, but with certain features (tab. 2). So all Oh improved functional performance in Kx value CI decreased by 15.5% (p <0.001), demonstrating that deterioration functioning of the neuromuscular system. The number of cases during the school year in Eh was, on average, 2.9 ± 0.2 times Kx - 5.2 ± 0.2 (p <0.05) and showed respectively for medium and low levels of physical health. In Ex improved all indicators of physical fitness, the Kx - none of. As for RP there is obtained the following data: the first half of Monday-Tuesday OPZI SHPZI boys and experimental groups increased after that - only in Ex; Wednesday-Thursday only increased OPZI in Ex under all day and in the first half, in Kx - Wednesday; in the second half of last Friday OPZI marked tendency to worsening in Ex, on the contrary - to improve. However, every school day, except Monday, in the first and second half performance RP boys Ex were significantly more than the Kx, the first OPZI was 127.6 ± 2.8, in the second - only 82.8 ± 7.31 bits ∙ s-1 (p <0.001), and reached their end of the school day in accordance Friday and the beginning of the school day Thursday; highest value in SHPZI Ex was 4 ± 0,21, Kx - 3.2 ± 0.24 bits ∙ s-1 (p <0.001) and reached them accordingly at the beginning of the school day Friday and the second half of the school day Thursday.

Changes in physical state that occurred during the second semester, the impact on the state of adaptation boys in learning activities at school. Obtained data were identical set of girls, except for the change in performance (see. Table 2).

The generalization data showed that the number of indicators for the second semester considerably (p level of ˂0.05 to r˂0.001) was improved, with all 24 patients (excluding the systolic and diastolic AT) in Ex - 20 (5 functional and physical fitness, 1 - physical performance and physical health, 8 - associated with daily during the school week change in both indices RP 1 - rate adaptation), the Kx - only 9 (5 - physical fitness, 4 - - change related indicators RP).

By other criteria such as the size of the manifestation of the studied parameters at the end of all 24 indicators in Ex better than in Kx value marked 22, the last - none of.

Conclusions: Using just for one semester developed based on the proposed algorithm program provides prevention of inadequate social and psychological adaptation of the 6-year old children in learning activities in the first grade of school: girls and boys first reaches a high level, the second - not worse (still at the secondary level), while ignoring the experimental factor leads to a decrease of average to below average level of social adaptation and psychological - to the exclusion.2. Using the proposed development provides growth throughout the school week and the children reach much higher indices of mental capacity, compared with children who used traditional organization and content of physical education. 3. Obtained result is largely due to the improvement of all explored changes in functional parameters, physical fitness and performance, as observed experimental group significantly higher than the control group the number of indicators improved during the semester, as well as the values ​​of the values ​​reached their end.

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Table 1 - Detection and change of the characteristics in girls during the forming experiment

Index

Groups

At the beginning II semesters

IN THE END II semesters

Change

(1 2)

t

(D ± md%)

1

m

1

m

abs. rate

%

t

functional

ЧСС alone ,

ск·хв–1

Е

94,2

1,16

90,2

1,07

– 4,0

4,2

2,53*

3,04

**

К

98,1

1,2

95,8

1,5

– 2,3

2,2

1,2

ЧСС after loading , ск·хв–1

Е

152,6

2,4

141,4

2,19

– 11,2

7,3

3,45**

2,83

*

К

153,7

2,39

150,8

2,5

– 2,9

0,2

0,83

ЧСС in 45 с

Rest , ск·хв–1

Е

130,1

2,19

110,8

1,72

– 19,3

11,6

6,93***

5,76

***

К

129,4

2,1

127,5

2,34

– 1,9

1,5

0,62

АТ systolic ,

мм рт. Ст.

Е

106,1

1,12

110,4

1,8

4,3

4,1

2,03

0,41

К

106,7

1,2

109,3

1,97

2,6

2,4

1,13

АТdiastolic,

мм рт. Ст.

Е

74,7

1,3

76,4

1,45

1,7

2,3

0,87

0,12

К

73,9

1,5

76,2

1,47

2,3

3,0

1,07

GEL,

Мл

Е

1210

14,1

1320

18,4

110,0

9,1

4,74***

2,06

*

К

1220

13,9

1270

18,07

50,0

4,1

2,19*

power index, %

Е

49,5

2,0

57,8

1,32

8,3

16,8

3,46**

4,72

***

К

50,0

2,01

48,4

1,49

– 1,6

– 3,2

0,65

Physical performance (ІР), st.un

Е

17,7

0,45

14,2

0,34

– 3,5

20,0

6,28***

5,16

***

К

18,1

0,47

17,4

0,52

– 0,7

3,8

0,98

Somatic

health , count

Е

2,3

0,2

2,83

*

К

4,8

0,2

physical fitness

Run30 м, с

Е

7,4

0,06

6,7

0,06

– 0,7

9,5

8,25***

2,99

**

К

7,4

0,1

7,1

0,12

– 0,3

4,1

1,92

Shuttle run 4х9, с

Е

12,9

0,09

11,4

0,12

– 1,5

11,6

10,0***

8,02

***

К

13,0

0,1

12,7

0,11

– 0,2

1,8

2,02

Long jump

the place, см

Е

94,1

1,2

102,8

0,98

2,1

2,2

5,62***

2,91

*

К

93,3

1,3

97,1

1,7

3,8

4,1

1,78

tilt forward sitting,in

Е

5,6

0,3

9,2

0,44

3,6

64,3

6,76***

3,02

**

К

5,7

0,39

7,3

0,45

1,6

28,1

2,69*

dynamometry brush

leading hand, kg

Е

11,7

0,6

14,4

0,16

2,7

23,1

4,35***

4,58

***

К

11,8

0,5

12,8

0,31

1,0

8,6

1,72

adaptation to social activities

social, points

Е

4,4

0,11

4,7

0,1

0,3

6,8

2,05*

8,51

***

К

3,0

0,12

3,5

0,1

0,5

16,7

3,21**

psychological, %

Е

15,2

0,2

15,1

0,35

– 0,1

0,7

0,1±11,06

16±12,77

К

39,1

0,3

31,1

0,3

– 8,0

20,5

8,0±14,68

Table 2 - Detection and changing the parameters studied in boys during the forming experiment

Index

Groups

At the beginning II semesters

IN THE END II semesters

Change

(1 2)

t

(D ± md%)

1

m

1

m

abs. rate

%

t

functional

ЧСС alone ,

ск·хв–1

Е

95,2

1,6

90,1

1,18

– 5,1

5,4

2,57*

2,71

*

К

100,6

1,9

96,5

2,05

– 4,1

4,1

1,46

ЧСС after loading

, ск·хв–1

Е

156,9

2,7

140,3

2,5

– 16,6

10,6

4,51***

4,27

***

К

157,2

2,6

155,1

2,4

– 1,1

0,2

0,6

ЧСС on 45 с

rest, ск·хв–1

Е

133,7

2,5

112,3

2,09

– 21,4

16,9

6,57***

6,15

***

К

134,4

2,4

131,1

2,23

– 3,3

2,4

1,0

АТ systolic,

мм рт. ст

Е

112,3

2,0

114,3

1,9

2,0

1,8

0,72

0,1

К

112,8

2,4

114,1

2,24

1,3

1,2

0,4

АТ diastolic,

мм рт. ст

Е

76,1

1,7

77,1

2,0

1,0

1,3

0,38

0,48

К

76,9

1,8

78,4

1,9

1,5

2,0

0,58

GEL,

мл

Е

1290

19,8

1400

15,6

110,0

8,5

4,36***

3,41

**

К

1280

19,0

1310

21,33

30,0

2,3

1,05

power index, %

Е

59,1

1,7

71,3

2,0

12,2

20,7

4,66***

6,98

***

К

58,3

1,8

49,3

2,43

– 9,0

– 15,5

2,99**

Physical performance (ІР), st.un

Е

18,6

0,56

14,3

0,47

– 4,3

23,2

5,9***

5,83

***

К

19,2

0,54

18,3

0,5

– 0,9

4,9

1,29

Somatic

health , count

Е

2,9

0,2

8,49

***

К

5,3

0,2

physical fitness

Run30 м, с

Е

7,5

0,12

6,5

0,08

– 1,0

13,3

6,93***

4,58

***

К

7,4

0,08

7,2

0,13

– 0,2

2,7

1,31

Shuttle run 4х9, с

Е

12,9

0,1

11,2

0,10

– 1,7

13,2

12,0***

10,7

***

К

13,0

0,1

12,8

0,11

– 0,2

1,8

1,28

Long jump

the place, см

Е

107,9

1,7

120,6

2,17

2,1

1,9

4,61***

2,07

*

К

108,3

0,8

113,4

2,71

5,1

4,7

1,81

, tilt forward sitting,in

Е

4,8

0,4

8,4

0,32

3,6

75,0

7,03***

4,23

***

К

4,9

0,3

6,0

0,47

1,1

22,4

1,97

dynamometry brush

leading hand, kg

Е

14,3

0,1

18,3

0,22

4,0

28,0

16,6***

5,96

***

К

14,1

0,2

15,1

0,49

1,0

7,2

1,91

adaptation to social activities

social, points

Е

3,8

0,12

4,5

0,11

0,7

18,4

4,49***

8,72***

К

2,7

0,11

3,2

0,1

0,5

18,5

3,36**

psychological, %

Е

16,1

0,6

15,3

0,4

–0,8

5,0

0,8±11,23

18,5±12,97

К

38,4

0,4

33,8

0,5

–4,6

12,0

4,6±14,81

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