Molecular Switches
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Ion and Molecule Recognition by Macrocyclic Compounds
Switch Functions |
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Dynamics in Molecular Assemblies |
(Light, Redox, pH, |
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(Reaction, Transport, |
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Temperature,etc.) |
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Phase-transition, etc.) |
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F V
F V F V
F V
Stimuli |
Antenna |
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Molecular |
Signal |
Signal for |
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machine |
convertor |
recording |
Guests |
Receptor |
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N 
M F
V
On
OO
O |
N |
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O |
O |
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O |
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N |
O |
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N X |
N |
O |
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O |
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O |
O |
O |
N |
X N |
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O |
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O |
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(E)-9 |
O |
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(E)-10 |
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n |
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heat
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UV light |
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isomerization |
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O |
O |
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O |
O |
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O |
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O |
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K+ |
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O |
K+ |
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O |
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N |
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O |
O |
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N |
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O |
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N |
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O |
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N |
O |
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O |
O |
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O |
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O |
O |
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Visible light |
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isomerization |
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Liquid membrane phase |
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IN |
OUT |
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Aqueous phase |
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Aqueous phase |
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M
P
M
F V
R2 |
R R |
R |
R2R2 |
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R |
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R |
R2R2 |
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2 |
2 |
2 |
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R2 |
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2 |
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2 |
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R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
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R1 |
R1 |
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O |
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O |
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O |
O |
O O O O |
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O O O |
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O O |
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O O |
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R |
R1 R1 |
R |
R1 |
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R1 |
R |
R1 R1 |
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1 |
1 |
R1 R1 |
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R2 |
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1 |
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R2 |
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R2 |
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R2 |
R2 |
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"Cone" |
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"Partial-cone" |
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"1,2-Alternate" |
"1,3-Alternate" |
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11
M
Bu |
t |
t |
t |
Bu |
t |
But |
t |
t |
But |
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BuBu |
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BuBu |
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O O O |
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O |
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hν > 350 nm |
O O O |
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O |
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R |
R |
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∆ or |
R |
R |
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O |
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O |
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O |
O |
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hν < 280 nm |
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R = CH2CH2OEt |
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17 |
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18 |
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M
M
F V F V
M M
OH |
HO |
OH |
O |
B |
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B |
OH |
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O |
OH- |
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OH- |
OH |
HO |
OH |
O |
B OH |
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B O |
OH |
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OH |