- •11.1 Cooling
- •Table 11.2 Molecular Lowering of the Melting or Freezing Point
- •11.2 Drying and Humidification
- •11.3 Boiling Points and Heating Baths
- •Table 11.8 Organic Solvents Arranged by Boiling Points
- •Table 11.9 Molecular Elevation of the Boiling Point
- •11.4 Separation Methods
- •Table 11.11 Solvents of Chromatographic Interest
- •11.4.1 McReynolds’ Constants
- •11.4.2 Chromatographic Behavior of Solutes
- •11.4.3 Ion-Exchange (Normal Pressure, Columnar)
- •Table 11.16 Guide to Ion-Exchange Resins
- •Table 11.18 Relative Selectivity of Various Counter Anions
- •11.5 Gravimetric Analysis
- •Table 11.19 Gravimetric Factors
- •Table 11.20 Elements Precipitated by General Analytical Reagents
- •Table 11.21 Cleaning Solutions for Fritted Glassware
- •Table 11.25 Tolerances for Analytical Weights
- •Table 11.26 Heating Temperatures, Composition of Weighing Forms, and Gravimetric Factors
- •11.6 Volumetric Analysis
- •Table 11.28 Titrimetric (Volumetric) Factors
- •11.6.3 Standard Volumetric (Titrimetric) Redox Solutions
- •11.6.4 Indicators for Redox Titrations
- •11.6.5 Precipitation Titrations
- •11.6.6 Complexometric Titrations
- •11.6.7 Masking Agents
- •11.6.8 Demasking
- •Table 11.30 Standard Solutions for Precipitation Titrations
- •Table 11.31 Indicators for Precipitation Titrations
- •Table 11.32 Properties and Applications of Selected Metal Ion Indicators
- •Table 11.41 Pipet Capacity Tolerances
- •Table 11.43 Buret Accuracy Tolerances
- •11.7 Laboratory Solutions
- •11.7.1 General Reagents, Indicators, and Special Solutions
- •Table 11.49 TLV Concentration Limits for Gases and Vapors
- •Table 11.52 Chemicals Which Polymerize or Decompose on Extended Refrigeration
- •11.9 Thermometry
- •11.9.1 Temperature and Its Measurement
- •11.10 Thermocouples
- •Table 11.63 Type T Thermocouples: Copper vs. Copper-Nickel Alloy
- •11.11 Correction for Emergent Stem of Thermometers
11.82 |
SECTION 11 |
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TABLE 11.28 Titrimetric (Volumetric) Factors ( |
Continued |
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Sodium thiosulfate |
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The following factors are the equivalent of 1 mL of |
normal |
sodium |
thiosulfate. |
Where the normality of the |
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solution being used is other than normal, multiply the factors given in the table below by the normality of the |
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solution employed. |
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Substance |
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Formula |
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Grams |
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Acetone |
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(CH |
3)2CO |
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0.0096801 |
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Ammonium chromate |
(NH |
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4)2CrO 4 |
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0.050690 |
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Antimony |
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Sb |
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0.06088 |
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Antimony trioxide |
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Sb |
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2O |
3 |
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0.07287 |
Bleaching powder |
CaOCl |
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2 |
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0.063493 |
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Bromine |
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Br |
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0.079909 |
Chlorine |
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Cl |
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0.035453 |
Chromic oxide |
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Cr |
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2O |
3 |
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0.02533 |
Chromium trioxide |
CrO |
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3 |
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0.033331 |
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Copper |
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Cu |
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0.06354 |
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Copper oxide |
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CuO |
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0.07954 |
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Copper sulfate |
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CuSO |
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4 |
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0.15960 |
Copper sulfate |
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CuSO |
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4 · 5H2O |
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0.24968 |
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Iodine |
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I |
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0.126904 |
Lead chromate |
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PbCrO |
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4 |
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0.10773 |
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Lead dioxide |
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PbO 2 |
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0.11959 |
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Nitrous acid |
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HNO |
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2 |
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0.023507 |
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Potassium chromate |
K |
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2CrO |
4 |
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0.064733 |
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Potassium dichromate |
K |
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2Cr |
2O |
7 |
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0.049032 |
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Red lead |
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Pb |
3O |
4 |
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0.34278 |
Sodium chromate |
Na |
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2CrO |
4 |
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0.053991 |
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Sodium dichromate |
Na |
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2Cr |
2O |
7 |
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0.043661 |
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Sodium dichromate |
Na |
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2Cr |
2O |
7 · 2H2O |
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0.049666 |
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Sodium nitrite |
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NaNO |
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2 |
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0.034498 |
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Sodium thiosulfate |
Na |
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2S 2O |
3 |
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0.15811 |
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Sodium thiosulfate |
Na |
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2S 2O |
3 · 5H2O |
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0.24818 |
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Sulfur |
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S |
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0.016032 |
Sulfur dioxide |
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SO |
2 |
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0.032031 |
Tin |
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Sn |
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0.059345 |
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11.6.2Titrimetric (Volumetric) Factors for Acid-Base Titrations
Titrimetric (volumetric) factors for acids and bases are given in Table 11.28. Suitable indicators for acid-base titrations may be found in Tables 8.23 and 8.24.
11.6.3Standard Volumetric (Titrimetric) Redox Solutions
Alkaline |
arsenite, |
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0.1 N |
As(III) to As(V). Dissolve |
4.9460ofprimaryg standard grade As |
2O 3 |
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in |
40 |
mL |
of 30% NaOH |
solution. Dilute with |
of 200watermL. Acidify |
the solution |
with 6 |
N |
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HCl to the acid color of methyl red indicator. Add to this solution |
of NaHCO |
40 g |
3 and dilute |
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to |
1 |
L. |
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Ceric |
sulfate, |
0.1 |
N |
Ce(IV) to Ce(III). Dissolve |
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63of.26cerium(IV)g |
ammonium sulfate di- |
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hydrate in |
500 mL |
of |
2 |
N sulfuric acid. Dilute |
the |
solution to |
and1L standardize against |
the |