Metodichki Ядерная физика / gamma
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P iheguc dhwnnbpb_gl ih]ehs_gby
N dhwnnbpb_gl ih]ehs_gby k\yaZgguc k jh`^_gb_f iZj W dhwnnbpb_gl ih]ehs_gby ^ey nhlhwnn_dlZ
V dhwnnbpb_gl ih]ehs_gby ^ey dhfilhg wnn_dlZ
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JZkk_ygb_ ]ZffZ emq_c Dhfilhg wnn_dl |
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Djhf_ nhlhwnn_dlZ ijb dhlhjhf ]ZffZ d\Zgl i_j_klZ_l kms_kl\h\Zlv |
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b \ky _]h wg_j]by i_j_^Z_lky Zlhfghfm we_dljhgm \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ ]ZffZ |
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\b^h\ k baf_g_gb_f dhfilhgh\kdh_ jZkk_ygb_ b [_a baf_g_gby wg_j]bb |
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dh]_j_glgh_ jZkk_ygb_ |
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<_jhylghklv dh]_j_glgh]h jZkk_ygby |
^ey jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo wg_j]bc |
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ihjy^dZ |
hl \_jhylghklb nhlhwnn_dlZ Ihwlhfm \deZ^ wlh]h |
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ijhp_kkZ \ iheguc dhwnnbpb_gl ebg_cgh]h hkeZ[e_gby ij_g_[j_`bfh fZe |
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GZ Zlhfguo we_dljhgZo ijhbkoh^bl jZkk_ygb_ ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ |
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gZau\Z_fh_ dhfilhg wnn_dlhf We_dljhg fh`gh kqblZlv k\h[h^guf _keb |
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wg_j]by ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ \h fgh]h jZa ij_\urZ_l wg_j]bx k\yab we_dljhgZ < |
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j_amevlZl_ dhfilhg wnn_dlZ \f_klh i_j\bqgh]h nhlhgZ k wg_j]b_c |
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ihy\ey_lky jZkk_ygguc nhlhg k wg_j]b_c |
\uoh^ysbc ba i_j\bqgh]h |
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]ZffZ imqdZ Z |
we_dljhg gZ dhlhjhf ijhbahreh jZkk_ygb_ ijbh[j_lZ_l |
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dbg_lbq_kdmx |
wg_j]bx |
<u\_^_f ihevamykv aZdhgZfb |
khojZg_gby wg_j]bb b bfimevkZ nhjfmem ^ey baf_g_gby wg_j]bb jZkk_yggh]h
d\ZglZ ih kjZ\g_gbx k wg_j]b_c iZ^Zxs_]h d\ZglZ ijb |
dhfilhgh\kdhf |
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jZkk_ygbb Imklv ^h ih]ehs_gby ]ZffZ d\ZglZ bf_e wg_j]b_x |
b bfimevk |
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Z we_dljhg ihdhbeky Ihke_ |
dhfilhgh\kdh]h jZkk_ygby ]ZffZ d\Zgl |
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bf__l wg_j]bx |
b bfimevk |
Z we_dljhg ijbh[j_e |
kdhjhklv >ey |
ijhklhlu jZkq_lh\ [m^_f ij_^iheZ]Zlv qlh kdhjhklv ijbh[j_l_ggZy we_dljhghf agZqbl_evgh f_gvr_ kdhjhklb k\_lZ k GZibr_f aZdhgu khojZg_gby bfimevkZ b wg_j]bb
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I_j\h_ ba ^\mo wlbo mjZ\g_gbc \_dlhjgh_ Kh]eZkgh ijZ\bem keh`_gby \_dlhjh\ \_dlhju b h[jZamxl lj_m]hevgbd kf Jbk \ dhlhjhf m]he T ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc m]he f_`^m gZijZ\e_gbyfb iZ^Zxs_]h b jZkk_yggh]h d\Zglh\
GZoh^bf ba wlh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ ijb ihfhsb l_hj_fu dhkbgmkh\
ba mjZ\g_gby [ ihemqbf
Mfgh`b\ mjZ\g_gb_ gZ b \uqly ba g_]h \ha\_^_ggh_ \ d\Z^jZl mjZ\g_gb_ ihemqbf
I_j_ibr_f mjZ\g_gb_ \ \b^_ |
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AZf_lbf qlh qe_g |
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\ kdh[dZo ijZ\hc qZklb ^he`_g [ulv agZqbl_evgh |
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f_gvr_ _^bgbpu ihkdhevdm fu ij_^iheh`beb qlh 9 F b ihwlhfm fh`_l |
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[ulv hl[jhr_g Djhf_ lh]h fgh`bl_ev |
kh]eZkgh mjZ\g_gbx |
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fh`_l [ulv aZf_g_g gZ |
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< j_amevlZl_ ihemqbf |
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hldm^Z |
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<uqbke_gby k |
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mq_lhf |
l_hjbb hlghkbl_evghklb \_jgu_ ^ey ex[uo |
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kdhjhkl_c we_dljhgZ ijb\h^yl d ZgZeh]bqghc nhjfme_ Ba \b^gh qlh |
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wg_j]_lbq_kdh_ jZkij_^_e_gb_ jZkk_ygguo ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ hij_^_ey_lky ebrv |
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m]ehf T |
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Ihkdhevdm jZkk_ygb_ ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ aZ\bkbl hl iehlghklb Zlhfguo |
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we_dljhgh\ |
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a]lh b dhfilhg wnn_dl hij_^_ey_lky ihjy^dh\uf ghf_jhf |
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] \_s_kl\Z JZkk_ygb_ ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ ijhbkoh^bl ]eZ\guf h[jZahf gZ keZ[h |
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k\yaZgguo we_dljhgZo \g_rgbo h[hehq_d Zlhfh\ Ebg_cguc dhwnnbpb_gl |
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dhfilhgh\kdh]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by |
Pd |
ijhihjpbhgZe_g hlghr_gbx |
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Ihwlhfm k |
m\_ebq_gb_f |
wg_j]bb |
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^hey |
jZkk_ygguo ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ |
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mf_gvrZ_lky |
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Dhfilhg wnn_dl kf Jbk gZqbgZ_l ij_h[eZ^Zlv gZ^ nhlhwnn_dlhf \ |
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wg_j]_lbq_kdhc h[eZklb |
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Mf_gvr_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ Pd |
k |
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wg_j]b_c [he__ ieZ\gh_ q_f |
dhwnnbpb_glZ Pn < h[eZklb wg_j]bc |
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h[jZam_lky [hevr_ dhfilhg we_dljhgh\ q_f nhlhwe_dljhgh\ |
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Dhfilhg wnn_dl klZgh\blky g_agZqbl_evguf ijb wg_j]byo k\ur_ |
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Fw\ |
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Wnn_dl h[jZah\Zgby iZj |
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?keb wg_j]by ]ZffZ d\ZglZ |
ij_\urZ_l |
klZgh\blky |
\hafh`guf |
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ijhp_kk h[jZah\Zgby iZju khklhys_c ba we_dljhgZ b ihabljhgZ gZihfgbf |
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qlh ihabljhg \h \k_f djhf_ agZdZ we_dljbq_kdh]h aZjy^Z lh`^_kl\_g_g k |
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we_dljhghf <ky wg_j]by ]ZffZ d\ZglZ |
ij_h[jZam_lky \ wg_j]bx ihdhy |
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we_dljhgZ b ihabljhgZ |
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bo dbg_lbq_kdb_ wg_j]bb |
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b |
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dbg_lbq_kdmx wg_j]bx y^jZ |
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Fh`gh ihdZaZlv ba aZdhgh\ khojZg_gby wg_j]bb |
b bfimevkZ qlh ijhp_kk |
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h[jZah\Zgby iZj ]ZffZ d\Zglhf g_ ijhbkoh^bl |
\ imklhl_ |
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ebrv |
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dmehgh\kdhf ihe_ dZdhc eb[h qZklbpu ihemqZxs_c qZklv |
bfimevkZ |
b |
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wg_j]bb LZdhc qZklbp_c fh`_l [ulv Zlhfgh_ y^jh beb we_dljhg |
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GZibr_f aZdhg khojZg_gby bfimevkZ \ lhf kemqZ_ dh]^Z ]ZffZ d\Zgl |
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jh`^Z_l iZjm \ imklhl_ |
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a^_kv |
b |
kdhjhklb we_dljhgZ |
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b |
ihabljhgZ |
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<_dlhju |
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ih |
ijZ\bem |
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keh`_gby |
\_dlhjh\ |
h[jZamxl |
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lj_m]hevgbd kf Jbk LZd dZd \ |
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lj_m]hevgbd_ kmffZ ^\mo klhjhg |
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\k_]^Z [hevr_ beb \ |
djZcg_f |
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kemqZ_ jZ\gZ lj_lv_c klhjhg_ lh |
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gh kdhjhklb we_dljhgZ b ihabljhgZ |
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g_ fh]ml [ulv [hevr_ |
kdhjhklb |
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k\_lZ Ihwlhfm aZf_gb\ h[_ kdhjhklb |
b |
gZ F fu lhevdh mkm]m[bf |
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g_jZ\_gkl\h |
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beb |
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: f_`^m l_f ^ey \uiheg_gby aZdhgZ khojZg_gby wg_j]bb lj_[m_lky qlh[u |
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[ue [hevr_ q_f |
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?keb `_ ij_\jZs_gb_ ijhbkoh^bl |
\[ebab aZjy`_gghc qZklbpu lh |
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[eZ]h^Zjy we_dljbq_kdbf kbeZf ^_ckl\mxsbf f_`^m g_c b we_dljhghf b |
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ihabljhghf wlZ qZklbpZ ijbh[j_lZ_l g_dhlhjmx wg_j]bx b bfimevk ijbq_f |
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dZd ihdZau\Zxl \uqbke_gby \ wlhf kemqZ_ |
aZdhgu khojZg_gby wg_j]bb b |
bfimevkZ \uihegyxlky h^gh\j_f_ggh Q_f [hevr_ aZjy^ qZklbpu l_f |
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[hevr_ kbeu ^_ckl\mxsb_ f_`^m g_c b we_dljhghf b ihabljhghf l_f |
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e_]q_ i_j_^Z_lky _c wg_j]by b bfimevk Ihwlhfm jh`^_gb_ iZj ijhbkoh^bl \ |
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hkgh\ghf \[ebab y^jZ |
b m\_ebqb\Z_lky |
ijhihjpbhgZevgh |
d\Z^jZlm |
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ihjy^dh\h]h ghf_jZ we_f_glZ H^gZdh hgh fh`_l ijhbkoh^blv |
b \[ebab |
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we_dljhgh\ |
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Ebg_cguc dhwnnbpb_gl h[jZah\Zgby iZj Pi |
ijhihjpbhgZe_g |
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Wnn_dl h[jZah\Zgby iZj |
aZf_l_g \ |
ly`_euo |
\_s_kl\Zo ijb |
[hevrbo |
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wg_j]byo ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ Dhwnnbpb_gl Pi klZgh\blky hlebqguf hl gmey ijb |
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ihjh]h\hc wg_j]bb |
PHF |
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Fw< |
K |
m\_ebq_gb_f |
wg_j]bb |
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dhwnnbpb_gl Pi |
j_adh jZkl_l |
GZqbgZy k |
wg_j]bc |
Fw< |
hkgh\gh_ |
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ih]ehs_gb_ ]ZffZ d\Zglh\ ijhbkoh^bl aZ kq_l wnn_dlZ h[jZah\Zgby iZj |
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Iheguc ebg_cguc dhwnnbpb_gl P dZd kmffZ lj_o dhwnnbpb_glh\ Pn Pd P |
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k m\_ebq_gb_f |
wg_j]bb |
kgZqZeZ mf_gvrZ_lky kf Jbk |
ijbgbfZy |
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fbgbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ijb wg_j]bb Fw< Z aZl_f m\_ebqb\Z_lky LZdhc oh^ |
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djb\hc h[tykgy_lky l_f qlh ijb gbadbo wg_j]byo aZ\bkbfhklv |
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h[mkeZ\eb\Z_lky nhlhwnn_dlhf b dhfilhg wnn_dlhf Z m`_ ijb wg_j]byo |
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[hevrbo Fw< |
\ dhwnnbpb_gl P aZf_lguc \deZ^ ^Z_l wnn_dl h[jZah\Zgby |
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iZj |
GZ jbkmgdZo ijbeh`_gby |
ihdZaZgZ aZ\bkbfhklv ihegh]h ebg_cgh]h |
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dhwnnbpb_glZ hkeZ[e_gby |
P hl |
wg_j]bb ]ZffZ d\ZglZ |
^ey |
jZaebqguo |
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ih]ehlbl_e_c)H 3E$O |
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Dhwnnbpb_gl ebg_cgh]h hkeZ[e_gby b i_j_^Zqb wg_j]bb |
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baemq_gb_f |
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Wg_j]by ]ZffZ baemq_gby |
\aZbfh^_ckl\mxs_]h |
k \_s_kl\hf |
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ij_h[jZam_lky \ dbg_lbq_kdmx wg_j]bx we_dljhgh\ b wg_j]bx \lhjbqgh]h |
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]ZffZ baemq_gby j_gl]_gh\kdh_ baemq_gb_ ihke_ nhlhwnn_dlZ jZkk_yggu_ |
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]ZffZ d\Zglu \ |
dhfilhg wnn_dl_ Zggb]beypbhggh_ |
baemq_gb_ |
ijb |
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h[jZah\Zgbb iZju we_dljhg ihabljhg <ke_^kl\b_ wlh]h |
P |
fh`gh |
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ij_^klZ\blv kmffhc |
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Dhwnnbpb_gl |
gZau\Zxl ebg_cguf |
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dhwnnbpb_glhf i_j_^Zqb wg_j]bb baemq_gby Hg jZ\_g ^he_ wg_j]bb ]ZffZ |
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baemq_gby i_j_^Zgghc we_dljhgZf \ keh_ \_s_kl\Z _^bgbqghc lhesbgu |
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Dhwnnbpb_gl |
jZ\guc ^he_ wg_j]bb ]ZffZ baemq_gby ij_h[jZah\Zgghc \ |
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wg_j]bx \lhjbqgh]h ]ZffZ baemq_gby \ _^bgbqghf keh_ \_s_kl\Z gZau\Zxl |
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ebg_cguf dhwnnbpb_glhf jZkk_ygby Dhwnnbpb_gl |
bf__l [hevrh_ |
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agZq_gb_ \ ^habf_ljbb baemq_gbc lZdl dZd ih]ehs_ggZy wg_j]by baemq_gby |
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ijhihjpbhgZevgZ bgl_gkb\ghklb |
baemq_gby |
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