14-es_1 / Анг.яз / умк_Гарбуль_Англ для неязыковых спец

«It takes some skill to spoil a breakfast – even the English can’t do it!»

J К Galbraith, economist

«On the Continent people have good food; in England people have good table manners.»

George Mikes, writer and humorist

«If the English can survive their food, they can survive anything!»

George Bernard Shaw, writer

«Even today, well-brought up English girls are taught to boil all vegetables for at least a month and a half, just in case one of the dinner guests comes without his teeth!»

Calvin Trillin, American writer

«English cooking? You just put things into boiling water and then take them out again after a long while!»

An anonymous French chef

2. Reading

–Read the text quickly.

–Match а paragraph 1-5 with a summary below.

a.Historical and climatic influences on British cocking

b.There’s everything except an English restaurant.

c.The legacy of World War II

d.Where there is hope for the future

e.British love affair with international cooking

IN SEARCH OF GOOD ENGLISH FOOD by Verona Paul and Jason Winner

1. How come it is so difficult to Find English food in England? In Greece you eat Greek food, in France French food, in Italy Italian food, but in England, in any High Street in the land, it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than English ones. In London you can eat Thai, Portuguese, Turkish, Lebanese, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Swiss, Swedish, Spanish, and Italian – but where are the English restaurants?

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2.It is not only in restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing traditional British food. In every supermarket, sales of pasta, pizza and poppadoms are booming. Why has this happened? What is wrong with the cooks of Britain that they prefer cooking pasta to potatoes? Why do the British choose to eat lasagna

instead of shepherd’s pie? Why do they now like cooking in wine and olive oil? But perhaps it is a good thing. After all, we are in the 21st century and we can

get ingredients from all over the world in just a few hours. Anyway, wasn’t English food always disgusting and tasteless? Wasn’t it always boiled to death and swimming in fat? The answer to these questions is a resounding “No”, but to understand this, we have to go back to before World War II.

3.The British have in fact always imported food from abroad. From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking. English kitchens, like the English language, absorbed ingredients from all over the world – chickens, rabbits, apples, and tea. All of these and more were successfully incorporated into British dishes. Another important influence on British cooking was of course the weather. The good old British rain gives us rich soil and green grass, and means that we are able to produce some of the finest varieties of meat, fruit and vegetables, which don’t need fancy sauces or complicated recipes to disguise their taste.

4.However, World War II changed everything. Wartime women had to forget 600 years of British cooking, learn to do without foreign imports, and ration their use of home-grown food.

5.The Ministry of Food published cheap, boring recipes. The joke of the war was a dish called Woolton Pie (named after the Minister of Food!). This consisted of a mixture of boiled vegetables covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the top. Britain never managed to recover from the wartime attitude to food. We were left with a loss of confidence in our cooking skills and after years Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food was boring, and we searched the world for sophisticated, new dishes which gave hope of a better future. The British people became tourists at their own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land! This is a tragedy! Surely food is as much a part of our culture as our landscape, our language, and our literature. Nowadays, cooking British food is like speaking a dead language. It is almost as bizarre as having conversation in Anglo-Saxon English!

6.However, there is still one small ray of hope. British pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply in Britain, and they also increasingly try to serve tasty British food. Can we recommend to you our two favourite places to eat in Britain? The Shepherd’s Inn in Melmerby, Cumbria, and the Dolphin Inn in Kingston, Devon. Their steak and mushroom pie, Lancashire hotpot, and bread and butter pudding are three of the gastronomic wonders of the world!

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3. Comprehension check

Read the article more carefully. Choose the best answer a, b, or c.

1. The writers believe that British cooking ...

a.has always been very bad.

b.was good until World War II.

c.is good because it is so international. 2. They say that the British ...

a.eat only traditional British food in their homes.

b.don’t like cooking with foreign ingredients.

c.buу lots of foreign ingredients.

3. They say that the British weather ...

a. enables the British to produce good quality food. b. often ruins fruit and vegetables.

c. is not such an important influence on British food as foreign trade.

4. They say that World War II had a great influence on British cooking because ...

a.traditional British cooking was rediscovered and some good cheap recipes were produced.

b.people had limitless supplies of home-grown food.

c.people started to believe that British food was boring, so after the war

they wanted to cook more interesting and international dishes.

a.there is no hope.

b.you will only be able to get British food in expensive restaurants.

c.you will be able to get more traditional British dishes, especially in pubs.

4. Discussion

1. Do you agree that food is as much a part of a country’s culture as its landscape, language, and literature?

2. Which are your favourite places to eat in your country? Why?

5. Language work

Work in pairs. Study the text and find the following.

1.One example of like used as a verb and two examples of like used as a preposition.

2.Two examples of the pattern, adjective + infinitive. It’s impossible to learn English.

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3.Examples of verbs that are followed by an -ing form. I love learning

English.

4.Examples of verbs that are followed by an infinitive with to. I want to learn Italian.

PROGRESS TEST

Part A: Choose the correct variant

1.Be quiet! Mom (to sleep).

A.sleeps

B.has been sleeping

C.is sleeping

2.The Browns (to paint) their house. It looks nice now.

A.are painting

B.have painted

C.paint

3.Why are you so dirty? I (to paint) the walls.

A.have painted

B.have been painting

C.paint

4.Ow! I (to cut) my finger!

A.have cut

B.have been cutting

C.cut

5.I cannot find my glasses. I (to look) for them for about half an hour.

A.have looked

B.have been looking

C.am looking

6.Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I (not to smoke).

A.not smoke

B.am not smoking

C.don’t smoke

7.I (to translate) already this text. Usually I (to translate) them quite quickly.

A.already translated, translate

B.have already translated, translate

C.translate, translate

8.My wife (not to like) football, but I (to love) it.

A.don’t like, love

B.doesn’t like, loves

C.doesn’t like, love

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9.… it (to stop) raining yet?

A.Will … stop

B.Has … stopped

C.Is … stopping

10.He usually (to get up) at 7 o’clock.

A.gets

B.get

C.is getting

Part B: Put the Verb into the correct passive form

1.Your papers (to type) now. Wait a minute.

2.The students (to give) a lot of work last month.

3.The letter just (to write).

4.Our town (to visit) often by foreigners.

5.A lot of people (to kill) during World War II.

6.Whisky (to make) in Scotland.

7.Radio (to invent) by Popov.

8.She (to visit) by her parents every week.

9.Several people (to hurt) in the accident last night.

Part C: Insert the definite article where necessary

PART D: Use the right form of adjectives

1.Winter is (severe) season of the year.

2.Is Moscow (big) than London?

3.Which is (long) day of the year?

4.The Alps are (high) mountains in Europe.

5.We have (little) interest in this work than you.

6.It is one of (important) questions of our conference.

7.Your English is (good) now.

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APPENDIX 1

CONVERSATION PHRASES

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APPENDIX 2

TEXTS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING

GENERATION GAP

Everywhere people are rattled about children, who are described these days as «difficult», «rude», «wild» and «irresponsible». Only some people say that they will grow up to make their country a better place.

Nowadays young people have more opportunities than ever because the world’s economy has been booming. They are accustomed to a world of information and they’ll probably be the best educated generation in history. A substantial majority expects to go to college.

But in all communities the problem of the gap between the younger generation and the older one is in the centre of public attention.

Children have got an insatiable desire for the latest in everything – from clothes with labels so that everyone will know that they’ve got the latest stuff – to CDs. To parents and teachers they can be a nightmare, aping the hair, clothes, and makeup of celebrities twice their age.

Nowadays teenagers have more marketing potential than ever. Children have a say in all kinds of purchases – from soft dr inks to cars. There is always something new they want. A lot of money goes to clothes. Almost fifty years ago when girls talked about self-improvement they were thinking of doing good works or doing better at school. Now everything comes down to appearance. They think that having the right stuff is the quickest way to acceptance. But why do they have so much to say?

Guilt is one factor. Parents who aren’t around much often try to compensate their kids almost everything they ask for. There is also a bribery theory – a new CD can buy cooperation in a hectic w eek.

Children’s influence also grows out of a dramatic change in family relationships. Now people treat each other like members of a group, rather than sons and daughters and moms and dads. If parents ask «What do you want?» or say «I’m interested in your opinion», kids may grow up with a false sense of power or may end up spoilt and unhappy because they are not going to have their way all the time. Letting kids have their way means that it is necessary to set limits.

Children are exposed to adult things from birth. The pressure to act like grownups starts at homes. Too old for child care and not old enough to travel about town on their own they are often alone in the afternoon with only the computer or TV, which takes up most of their free time. Parents try to regulate the number of hours kids watch TV and monitor films. Experts say that the rush

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to grow up is due to popular media – magazines and TV shows. Being brought up by single parents as well as watching TV can also accelerate the desire of children for being independent and creates behaviour problems.

Most children don’t belong to any clubs and just hang about after school. Friends are becoming increasingly important during these years. At school and colleges there are cliques who decide what is «cool». Many parents are afraid of their children being exposed to drugs. Kids also began cutting down their classmates (USA). «Wild parties with alcohol, smoking, and trying drugs are not for our children», – parents say. Some of them thin k that they should act as role models and try to show the kind of behaviour they want to see in their children.

Every society does have a serious problem. It is not the problem of the younger generation but the society itself. Some communities have such a culture that children cannot find a solace in their friend or family and their heads are being filled with violent pictures they have seen on TV.

There is no way to predict how today’s children will turn out. Keeping faith in kids is necessary. They are not bad. They are optimistic. They expect to have a better life then their parents.

SOME HISTORICAL FACTS

Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the Principality of Polotsk emerged as the dominant center of power in what is now Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the principality of Turau to the south. It repeatedly asserted its sovereignty in relation to other centers of Kiev Rus, becoming a political and episcopal capital, the controller of vassal territories among the Balts in the west. Its most powerful ruler was prince Vseslav Bryachislavich, who reigned from 1044 to 1101. A 12th-century inscription commissioned by Vseslav’s son Boris may still be seen on a huge boulder installed near the St. Sophia Cathedral.

Polotsk became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1307, and it is said to have been the main center of trade in the state. The Magdeburg law was adopted in 1498. Polotsk was a capital of Połock Voivodship of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth until 1772. Captured by the Russian army of Ivan the Terrible in 1563, it was returned to Lithuania just 15 years later.

That period of warfare started the gradual decline of the city. After the first partition of Poland, Polotsk degraded to have the status of a small provincial town of the Russian Empire. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812, it was the site of two battles: First battle of Polotsk and Second battle of Polotsk.

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