Vocabulary

• Freshman студент–первокурсник

• Sophomore студент второго курса

• graduate student аспирант

• to govern управлять

• regent член правления университета

• a board of regents Совет управителей

• a board of trustees Совет попечителей

• executive head глава исполнительной власти

• President of the University ректор университета

• instructor = professor преподаватель

• to pursue заниматься, преследовать цель

• to confine ограничивать

• to designate назначать (на должность)

• liberal arts courses гуманитарные науки

• university fellow стипендиат

TASK 1.Look through the text and say which of its paragraphs gives information about:

1. professional education;

2. the broad fields into which the college education may be divided into;

3. the administration of a college.

TASK 2. Find answers to the following questions:

1. Which are the fields the college program is commonly divided into?

2. Which courses do many colleges require all freshmen and sophomores to take?

3. Who usually governs higher educational institutions?

4. Who is the executive head of a college or a university?

5. Who governs the department of a college or school?

6. Who are other members of the faculty?

7. How are graduate students who give some part-time service called?

8. What professional education fields can you name?

9. How many years of pre-professional liberal arts education are required?

10. How many years of specialized training are required for getting a degree?

Text 8. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

American colleges and universities are either public or private, that is, supported by public funds or supported privately by a church group or other groups acting as private citizens although under a state charter.

A public institution is owned and operated by a government, either a state or a municipal government. He government appropriates large sums of money for the institution’s expenses. Yet these sums are normally not sufficient to cover all expenses, and so the institution is partially dependent on student fees and on gifts.

A private institution receives no direct financial aid from any government, municipal, state or federal. The money used to pay the operating expenses has a threefold origin: tuition fees paid by the students, money given in the form of gifts for immediate use, and the income from invested capital in the possession of the institution and originally received by the institution in the form of the gifts to be invested with only the income to be spent.

Of the nation’s nearly 1,900 institutions of higher learning roughly one-third are state or city institutions. About 1,200 are privately controlled. Approximately 700 of these are controlled by religious groups. Less than half of these institutions are liberal art colleges and universities which stress the languages, history, science and philosophy. The rest are professional and technological schools and junior colleges.

A college is usually defined as an institution of higher learning which offers a course of instruction over a four-year period, and which grants a bachelor’s degree at the conclusion of studies. As part of university, a college graduate is distinguished from a graduate of professional school. However, the professional schools in some universities are called colleges.

A college prepares the student for two things: either graduate study leading to master’s or doctor’s degree or a job immediately after graduation. A student who majors in business administration for example, may be fully prepared for a career in business when he has finished college.

On the other hand, a student majoring in psychology often must do a great deal of graduate work before he is competent in this field.

Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. A freshman is a first year student, a sophomore, a second year student, a junior, a third year student, and a senior, a fourth year student. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studying at a university are classified as advanced students or graduate students. Some graduate students receive grants which cover the cost of their education; a person on such a fellowship is called a university fellow.

TASK 1.Skim through the text and say which of its paragraphs gives information about:

1. classification of students;

2. what is a college;

3. what a college prepares the student for;

4. what is a public institution;

5. what is a private institution.

TASK 2.

• Say what information given in the text specifies the old facts you knew.

• Say which facts given in the text were new for you.

TASK 3. Additional text. Read the text (using the dictionary if necessary) and find the information about:

1. social origin of drop-outs;

2. the reasons which keep the people out of college in the USA;

3. courses of study which have a lower pay-off in the job market in the USA.