Вариант № 4

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола, переведите предложения.

1. This writer was very much spoken of.

2. Various ideas have been proposed to explain the origin of this planet.

3. After the lecture had been delivered we asked many questions, and the lecturer answered them.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и причастия.

1. To finish the construction of the new irrigation canal the workers must work hard.

2. Applying the necessary fertilizers, farmers improve the soil fertility.

3. All the main rivers suffer from the disadvantage of being frozen in winter.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что объективный и субъективный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Irrigation losses are considered to be the main source of water to be drained.

2. We know the rivers to have many tributaries.

3. The dam of such a height is certain to protect low-lying valleys against floods.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. Having cooled in the air the water vapour condenses and falls to the Earth.

2. With the temperature falling rapidly and the wind getting stronger, we could not proceed with experiment.

3. The survey revealed that natural conditions at this site are extremely favourable for the construction, costs being comparatively low.

V. Перепишите и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Письменно переведите 2, 3, 4 абзацы.

Fresh Water Resources

1. The Earth’s water cycle or hydrologic cycle is the continuous of moisture and water on our planet. The time required a water particle to pass through one or more phases of the hydrologic cycle varies from a few hours to months or even centuries.

2. A water particle may be evaporated from the ocean and in a short period falls back as rain or snow on the same water surface. If water particle falls, as snow or hail on a mountain height, it may remain there for months until it is melted and joined with other melted particles on the long journey overland or underground.

3. It is a water particle is evaporated from the ocean and carried into the polar regions, falling there as ice or snow, it may remain frozen for centuries before it returns to the ocean as a part of an iceberg, or as melded outflow from the glacier.

4. Rain, hail and snow are various forms of precipitation. Precipitation that falls upon land areas is the source of all the fresh water supply. The people depend upon it to compensate the quantity that is taken from lakes, streams and wells for the man’s numerous uses.

5. Moscow hydrologists completed a study of the world water balance. They estimated that the natural water cycle is far more intensive than had been supposed. Annual evaporation from the Earth’s surface amounts to the colossal figure of over half a million cubic kilometers of water, while the atmospheric moisture is renewed every ten days on the average. River water has a 12-day replacement cycle. Glaciers proved to be the slowest «accumulators of moisture». Their replacement cycle is 8500 years. These figures will make it possible to achieve a more accurate picture of the world’s fresh water resources.

VI. Прочтите 1 абзац и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос: What is the Earth’s water cycle?