The russian federation

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies one-seventh of the earth's surface and has a total area of about 17 mln square kilometres. The country is situated in the Eastern part of Europe and in the Northern part of Asia. People of more than a hundred nationalities live in the Russian Federation, its population is about 150 million.

The country is washed by 12 seas of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic, and the Atlantic oceans. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia, the Ukraine. Russia has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, which separates Europe from Asia, the Altai and others.

On the vast territory of the Russian Federation there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the midland of the country the climate is temperate and continental.

There are a great many of rivers in Russia, the longest of them are the Volga in Europe, and the Ob, the Yenissei in Asia.

The Russian Federation is very rich in natural resources. It has deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, diamonds, zinc and almost all other minerals. Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests, which are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people.

Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world.

Контрольная работа вариант 5

Задание 1.

Choose the right variant.

Moscow is the capital of Russia, 1. _______ political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It 2.________ founded 8 centuries ago 3. ______ Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians 4. _____ the year of 1147 as the start of 5. _______ history. In the 13^th century Moscow was the centre of the 6. ________ of Russian lands 7. _____ the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16^th century 8. ___________ Ivan the Terrible Moscow 9. ________ the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow 10. ________ the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. Three-quarters of the city was destroyed 11. ________ during Napoleon's occupation, but by the mid-19^th century Moscow 12._________ completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its 13. _______ area is about 14. ________ (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 15. ________.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The 16. ______of Moscow is Red Square. It 17. ______ more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St.Basil’s Cathedral are 18. __________ of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin Tower, the Spasskaya Tower, 19. ______ the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congress, the Tsar-Cannon and the Tsar-Bell, the 20. ________ cannon and bell in the world. St.Basil’s Cathedral 21. _______ in the mid-16^th century in 22. _______ of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible 23. ______ the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn't want them to create another masterpiece.

There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old 24. __________ , cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. There are more than 80 museums. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and 25. _____State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow is 26. ________ for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher 27. _______ institutions in it, including several universities.

Moscow is the 28. _________ of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

1.	a. her	b. his	c. your	d. its
2.	a. was	b. were	c. have been	d. has been
3.	a. by	b. with	c. -	d. on
4.	a. accepted	b. was accepted	c. have accepted	d. accepting
5.	a. Moscow	b. Moscow’s	c. Moscows	d. Moscow’
6.	a. starve	b. effort	c. struggle	d. attempt
7.	a. -	b. with	c. by	d. for
8.	a. in	b. -	c. at	d. under
9.	a. have become	b. becomes	c. was becoming	d. became
10.	a. remained	b. remaining	c. was remained	d. remain
11.	a. by flood	b. by fire	c. by earthquake	d. by storm
12.	a. had been	b. was	c. have been	d. has been
13.	a. all	b. whole	c. total	d. every
14.	a. 9 km3	b. 90 km3	c. 900 km3	d. 1900 km3
15.	a. 18 mln	b. 14 mln	c. 12 mln	d. 8 mln
16.	a. heart	b. head	c. hand	d. hat
17.	a. had	b. had had	c. have	d. has
18.	a. examples	b. monuments	c. masterpieces	d. places
19.	a. have become	b. has become	c. became	d. becomes
20.	a. big	b. biggest	c. most biggest	d. bigger
21.	a. were built	b. was built	c. was building	d. built
22.	a. terms	b. favour	c. memory	d. charge
23.	a. blinded	b. rewarded	c. murdered	d. thanked
24.	a. castles	b. cabins	c. mansions	d. palaces
25.	a. a	b. an	c. -	d. the
26.	a. beautiful	b. famous	c. interesting	d. rich
27.	a. social	b. political	c. educational	d. financial
28.	a. chair	b. seat	c. bench	d. work

Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, имеющие окончание –S, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет: служит 1) показателем притяжательного падежа им. сущ.; 2) показателем 3-го лица ед.ч. глагола в PRESENT SIMPLE; 3) признаком мн.ч. им. сущ.

1. Canada is one of the world's largest countries.

2. This country includes many islands.

3. Canada contains great reserves of natural resources.

Задание 3. Образуйте степени сравнения от прилагательных BAD, HAPPY, DIFFICULT. Составьте предложения с каждой формой.

Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните сравнительные конструкции. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Составьте свои собственные предложения с этими конструкциями.

1. Nick is much stronger than I am.

2. The more he has, the more he wants.

3. It is the biggest meal I’ve ever had.

Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Я пишу рассказы каждый день.

2. Сейчас я пишу рассказ.

3. Ты вчера написал рассказ?

4. Рассказы пишут не все.

Задание 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Подготовьте чтение текста. Определите подлежащее, сказуемое в каждом предложении.