Контрольная работа по английскому языку № 3

для студентов I курса очно-заочного факультета ЛГТУ

всех технических специальностей

Вариант 2

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879)

James Clerk Maxwell, a great physicist and mathematician, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on November 13, 1831. After school he entered the University of that city. Then he attended the University of Cambridge and graduated from it in 1854. When at the University Maxwell took great interest in mathematics and optics.

For two years after the University he lectured, made experiments in optics at Trinity College and studied much himself. In 1856 he became professor of natural philosophy and in 1860 professor of physics and astronomy at King's College, London. In London he lived for 5 years. Here he saw Faraday for the first time.

In 1871 Maxwell became professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. At that time students could not even have such subjects as electricity or magnetism as there was no laboratory for the study of these subjects. Maxwell organized such a laboratory, which made Cambridge world-known.

This was a very fruitful period of Maxwell's life. He studied the problems of electromagnetism, molecular physics, optics, mechanics and others.

Maxwell wrote his first scientific work when he was fifteen. Since that time he wrote a great number of works which were the results of his experiments and calculations.

His most outstanding investigations, however, are in the field of the kinetic theory of gases and electricity. Maxwell is the founder of the electromagnetic field (side by side with Faraday) and the electromagnetic theory of light. In 1873 he published his famous work on electricity and magnetism. During these years he also wrote his classic "Matter and Motion”, a small book on a great subject, and many articles on various subjects ("Atoms", "Attraction", "Faraday" and others).

Maxwell's works on the kinetic theory of gases, the theory of heat, dynamics and the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism are monuments to his great genius.

I.Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

II.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

физик и математик; поступить в Университет; заинтересоваться математикой и оптикой; читать лекции; сделать всемирно – известным; наиболее выдающиеся исследования.

III.Выберите правильную форму модального глагола:

may/might.

1.It ___ rain, you’d better take a coat. 2.He said it ___ rain. 3.We ___ as well stay here till the weather improves. 4. ___ I borrow your umbrella? 5.You ___ tell me! I think I have a right to know.

IV.Задайте все виды вопросов к следующему предложению.

This was a very fruitful period of Maxwell’s life.

V.Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.

1.May I go to the post – office with Mike? 2.If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 3.You must not make notes in the books. 4.It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5.They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 6.Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 7.He is to come here at 5 o’clock.

VI.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в активном или пассивном залоге.

1.What you (to do) here? – I (to prepare) for my report. – How long you (to prepare) for it? – Oh, I (to work) since morning. 2.He (to teach) at school for five years when the war (to break out). 3.She (to study) English since last year. 4.What you (to read)? – I (to read) a magazine. – How long you (to read) it? – I (to read) it for half an hour. 5.She (to live) in Moscow for ten years when her sister (to come) to live with her.

VII.Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы:

must/may/can.

1.Он сейчас должен быть в своём кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с ним. 2.Можно войти? – Пожалуйста. 3.Вы должны прочитать этот текст. 4.Мы должны сегодня сдать тетради? 5.Я не могу пойти с вами в кино так, как я очень занят.