Контрольная работа по английскому языку № 3

для студентов I курса очно-заочного факультета ЛГТУ

всех технических специальностей

Вариант 4

SIR ISAAK NEWTON (1642-1727)

Isaak Newton is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all times.

At twenty-two he began studying the theory of gravity. Many people already knew that the planets moved endlessly round the sun. But nobody could explain what kept them moving. Newton showed that the motions of the planets were the natural result of universal laws of nature. His great work, the "Principia", was published in 1687. In this book Newton clarified all that he had discovered about the movements of planets and their satellites. He said that a body in motion would continue to travel in a straight line forever unless some force was applied to stop it.

The laws of gravity enabled him to explain many mysteries of the structure of the universe. Newton showed how the mass of the sun could be calculated from the speed and distance of any planet. He calculated the force of gravity between the sun and the planets and the quantity of matter in all these objects. He showed that the weight of the same body would be twenty-three times greater at the surface of the sun than at the surface of the earth. He found the true size and figure of the earth.

The "Principia" created a wave of interest all over Europe and made many scientists become angry. Most of them could not believe that great planets were hanging in empty space, and were kept in their orbits by an unseen power of the sun.

Newton's results were higher than anything that human reason had reached before Newton. He proved that mechanical laws acting on the earth, that is, in the world in which we live, are connected with mechanical laws of the whole universe.

That Newton discovered the three most important laws of motion is known to everybody. For all practical purposes these laws of motion are true to this day, but they are only part of Newton's contribution to physical science.

Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

I.Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

II.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

Всемирно известный (признанный); естественный результат всемирных законов природы; движение планет и их спутников; законы гравитации; загадки структуры вселенной; поверхность солнца; планеты висят в пустом (свободном) пространстве.

III.Выберите правильную форму модального глагола:

may/might/to be able to.

1. ___ I bring my sister to the party? 2.He asked if he ___ bring his sister to the party. 3.After they had finished their homework, the children ___ watch TV. 4.He ___ join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 5.Becky’s mother said that everybody ___ take part in the picnic.

IV.Задайте все виды вопросов к следующему предложению.

I will do my homework tomorrow.

V.Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.

1.May I go to the post-office with Mike? 2.May I take Pete’s bag? 3.Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it. 4.May we take notes with a pencil? 5.You may not cross the street when the light is red.

VI.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в активном или пассивном залоге.

1.Bread (to eat) every day. 2.The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3.Nick (to send) to Moscow next year. 4.They (to go) to the Hermitage last week. 5.They (to go) to the Hermitage twice this week.

VII.Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы или глаголы в пассивном залоге.

1.Её отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2.Вчера нас послали в лабораторию. 3.Это сочинение было написано на прошлой неделе. 4.Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 5.Мне придётся посидеть дома эти дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить.