Уч.Пособие IIIкурс

follows:

(a)it may be continuous presentation, as in the case of a gyrohorizon.

(b)it may be on-tap presentation, as in the case of moving a switch for a particular reading on a voltmeter.

(c)it is always concerned with situations that are expected to change within

certain limits, for example temperature.

(d)most is presented visually.

Active Vocabulary to Text B

Questions to Text B

1.What are the instruments concerned with propulsion information?

2.What's the difference between fuel content and fuel flow?

3.What are the instruments concerned with information about conditions on the outside of the airframe?

4.Why do we need the instruments concerned with information about conditions on the outside of the airframe?

5.Where is the information required only periodically?

6.What is an ammeter?

7.To how many points may we summarize the nature of information presented by aicraft instruments?

8.May it be continuous presentation or on-tap presentation ?

9.Are there instruments concerned with situations that are expected to change ?

10.What is presented visually?

AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Active Vocabulary to Text A

Text A

Airports

There are airports in every country.

In theory, an aircraft can fly an infinite number of paths through the air from any surface point to any other. In practice, paths of flight lead from airport to airport. Aircraft not only need proper landing and take off facilities. Moreover, those who use aircraft need services and accommodations which the airport must provide.

In the interest of aviation safety and air traffic assistance and control air traffic rules were established. The rules relate chiefly to weather minima, flight altitudes and traffic patterns which are to be used under

different circumstances.

The modern airport is a complex structure, a centre of most diversified services. Millions of passengers and thousands of tons of airfreight are handled by modern airports. Thousands of people are working at airports.

In practical any airport can be divided into two main parts: the landing area (runways and taxiways) and the terminal area (aprons, buildings, car parking areas, hangars, etc.). There is also a third part - terminal air traffic control. The landing area includes runways and taxiways. The number of runways, their length and location depend on the volume and character of traffic, the prevailing wind direction and other factors.

The runways and taxiways should be arranged so that to prevent delays on landing, taxying and take off operations.

Aprons are required for aircraft to make final checks prior to departure.

The main function of the terminal buildings is to handle the departing and arriving passengers and their baggage.

Among the airport services are: flight assistance service, air traffic control services - airport traffic control, approach control, air route traffic control, radio communications and weather observation and forecasting service.

At every airport there is a number of supplementary services such as rescue and security services, an airport clinic, a fire brigade, special vehicles and equipment units (water trucks, tow tractors, etc.).

Other services include maintenance, overhaul and repair of stationary and mobile equipment, the supply of electricity, water, heat and air

conditioning.

The facilities include runways, air navigational aids, passenger and cargo terminals. The airport has a hotel, a post office, bank offices, restaurants, car rental firms, etc. In the terminal there is everything for quick passenger handling: check-in desks, electronic flight information board of departure and arrival times, the baggage claim carousel and many others.

Questions to Text A

1.Where must be an airport?

2.What are the main two parts of the airport?

3.Is there a third part of the airport? What is it?

4.What factors influence the number of runways, their length and location?

5.Are the aprons required for aircraft to make final checks prior to departure?

6.What is the main function of the terminal building?

7.Is the weather observation among the airport services ?

8.What supplementary services are there at the airport?

9.Where is the carousel situated?

10.What is used for quick passenger handling?

Text B

Main Airports

There are many airports in our country. There are some international airports.

There is an aerodrome, a terminal, some buildings and offices at the airport; on the aerodrome there are some taxiways and runways. Runways are 2000 m long and more. Some taxiways are long, other taxiways are short. There are hangars there. There are beacons, too. At the terminal there is an apron, on it there are many stands for aircraft and there are pads for helicopters. At every aerodrome, there is a meteorological office, a tower and a fire station. There is a settlement for the personnel and a hotel for passengers and crews at every airport. The airport is not far from the city. It doesn’t take much time to get to the airport. It may be a 20 – 40 minute drive by bus or train.

Sheremetyevo

The capacity of Sheremetyevo Airport has increased. The terminal can receive up to 2100 passengers every hour; the total capacity of the complex is 15 mil passengers a year. Sheremetyevo II is the centre of international air traffic of Russia. Sheremetyevo II was inaugurated in

1980. It’s a 9-storey building with 19 telescopic ladders (fingers). It has been assembled by the West German firm. It has the most up-to-date equipment for handling passengers. There is a new runway which can handle all types of aircraft. Radio navigation equipment and the traffic control system have been modernized. The new check-in counters, computers and 10 automatic luggage conveyors cut the time needed for

receiving passengers and handling luggage down to 5 minutes. The automatic baggage conveyors reduce luggage waiting time after arrival to 7 minutes. There are halls for passengers, 4 restaurants, a banquet hall, bars, snack bars to cater for 1600 passengers at a time. There’s a conference hall for 500 seats. There’s a hotel for 500 transit passengers, a modern complex for centralized fueling of aircraft, engineering communications and other facilities. There are arrivals, departures, transit and waiting halls in the terminal. The terminal has all the latest equipment to handle numerous passengers, much cargo and baggage. Boarding is done through one of the 19 passages (telescopic gangways). There are foreign airline offices, on the upper floors. There is a parking place for 1200 cars. It takes only 35 minutes to get to the centre of the city.

Heathrow airport

The UK is in a global race for trade, jobs and economic growth. The international economy is changing with the rise of emerging markets like Brazil, Russia, India and China. UK businesses trade 20 times more with emerging markets that have daily flights than those with less frequent or no direct service.

There are 8 major airports in Britain – Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted Southampton,

Prestwick, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen. But Heathrow is slipping out of the Premier League of Europe’s international hub airports.

Heathrow is the UK’s only hub airport. A hub airport is uniquely important to establishing flights to growth destinations. It is an airport where local passengers combine with transfer passengers to allow airlines

to fly to more destinations more frequently than could be supported by local demand alone. Transfer passengers allow the UK to connect to countries where it couldn’t sustain a direct daily flight itself. Many routes would not exist without transfer passengers. Passengers can fly to 75 destinations from Heathrow that aren’t served by any other UK airport.

Heathrow is 24 km west of London center. There are 125 parking stands.

There’re 3 terminals. Terminal I and Terminal II are for short haul routes,

Terminal III is for long haul routes. A new 4-th terminal is planned, it can handle 2000 passengers an hour and its capacity is 8 mil passengers a year. It can receive the biggest aircraft. There are 22 stands. Heathrow services about 27 mil passengers a year. 45000 people work at Heathrow, in its 260 offices. There’re 74 airlines offices with cargo agents, salesmen, charwomen, typists, mechanics, medical personnel, policemen, Customs officers, Passport Control officers, etc.

.

Active Vocabulary to Text B

Questions to Text B

1.What is there at tht airport?

2.Is it difficult to get to the airport?

3.Has the capacity of Sheremetyevo Airport increased nowadays?

4.What is the centre of international air traffic of Russia?

5.What does the terminal of Sheremetyevo Airport have?

6.What are the main airports in Britain?

7.Is Heathrow the UK’s only hub airport?

8.Where is it situated?

9.How many terminals are there?

10.How many passengers can the terminals handle every hour?

II

AIRCRAFT TAXIING AND TAKEOFF

Active Vocabulary to Text A

Modern airplanes become heavier and faster. They need more complex and longer runways. Airports are rapidly developing and swallow up more and more precious land.

Taxiing is the controlled movement of the airplane under its own power while on the ground.

An awareness of other aircraft which are taking off, landing, or taxiing,