Ахмедзянова_английский_язык
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Past Progressive
was
were + Ving
Утвердит. |
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Вопросит. |
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Краткий ответ |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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I (he, she, |
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I |
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Was |
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Yes, I (he, she, it) |
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was working. |
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was |
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it) working? |
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was. / No, I (he, |
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working. |
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she, it) wasn't. |
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We |
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We (you, they) |
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Were |
we |
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Yes, we (you, they) |
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were working. |
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were |
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not |
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they) working? |
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were. / No, we |
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working. |
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(you, they) weren't. |
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Future Progressive |
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will be+ Ving |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
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Вопросит. |
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Краткий ответ |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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I |
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not be |
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Yes, I will. / No, |
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working. |
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working |
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working? |
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I won’t. |
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be working). |
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8. Времена группы Perfect |
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Present Perfect |
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have |
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has + V3 |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
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Вопросит. |
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Краткий ответ |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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предложение |
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I (we, you, they) |
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I (we, you, they) |
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Have I (we, you, |
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Yes, I (we, you, |
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have |
drawn |
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have not drawn a |
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they) |
drawn |
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they) have. / No, |
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plan. |
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plan. |
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plan? |
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I (we, you, they) |
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haven't. |
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He |
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it) has |
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He |
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has |
Has he |
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drawn a plan. |
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not |
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drawn |
a |
drawn a plan? |
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has. |
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No, |
he |
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plan. |
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(she, it) hasn't. |
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Past Perfect |
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had + V3 |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
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Вопросит. |
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Краткий ответ |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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I had drawn a |
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I had not drawn a |
Had I |
drawn |
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Yes, I had. / No, |
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plan. |
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plan. |
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plan? |
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I hadn't. |
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Future Perfect |
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will have + V3 |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
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Вопросит. |
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Краткий ответ |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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I |
will |
have |
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I will |
not have |
Will |
I have |
Yes, I will. / No, |
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drawn a plan. |
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drawn a plan. |
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drawn a plan? |
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I won’t. |
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9. Времена группы Perfect Progressive |
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Present Perfect Progressive |
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have |
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has + been Ving |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
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Вопросит |
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Краткий ответ |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
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I (we, you, they) |
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I (we, you, they) |
Have I (we, you, |
Yes, I (we, you, |
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have |
been |
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have |
not |
been |
they) |
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been |
they) have. / No, |
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working. |
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working. |
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working? |
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I (we, you, they) |
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haven't. |
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He |
(she, |
it) has |
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He |
(she, |
it) |
has |
Has he |
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(she, |
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Yes, |
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been working. |
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not |
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been |
been working? |
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has. |
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No, |
he |
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working. |
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(she, it) hasn't. |
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61
Past Perfect Progressive
had been +Ving
Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
Вопросит. |
Краткий ответ |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
предлож. |
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I had been |
I |
had |
not been |
Had I been |
Yes, I had. / No, |
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drawing a plan. |
drawing a plan. |
drawing a plan? |
I hadn't. |
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Future Perfect Progressive |
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will have been +Ving |
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Утвердит. |
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Отрицат. |
Вопросит. |
Краткий ответ |
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предлож. |
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предлож. |
предлож. |
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I will have been |
I |
will |
not have |
Will I have been |
Yes, I will. / No, |
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drawing a plan. |
been |
drawing a |
drawing a plan? |
I won’t. |
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plan. |
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10. Страдательный залог
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Simple |
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Progressive |
Perfect |
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Present |
am |
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have |
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is |
asked |
is |
being asked |
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been asked |
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are |
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has |
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Past |
was |
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was |
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asked |
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being asked |
had |
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were |
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were |
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Future |
will be asked |
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− |
will have been asked |
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11. Модальные глаголы
can (could) |
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мочь, уметь |
He can finish this work |
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next week. |
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2. |
возможно |
He |
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have finished |
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this work |
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to be able to |
быть в состоянии |
He will be able to do it. |
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may (might) |
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можно (разрешение) |
You may take that tool. |
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возможно |
He |
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come) to the site. |
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to be allowed to |
иметь разрешение |
He was permitted to go |
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to be permitted to |
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there. |
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must |
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1. должен |
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He |
must finish |
this |
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work. |
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2. должно быть |
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He |
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finish (have |
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finished) this work. |
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should |
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следует |
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You |
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clean your tools. |
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to have to |
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должен |
(в |
силу |
He will have to finish |
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обстоятельств), |
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this work by next week. |
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приходится |
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to be to |
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должен (в силу плана, |
He is to be in the office |
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договоренности) |
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at 9 a.m. |
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сould |
(might) + |
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мог бы (упрек или |
You could (might) have |
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Perfect Infinitive |
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порицание) |
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finished |
this |
work |
in |
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time. |
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should |
+ Perfect |
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следовало бы (упрек или |
You |
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have |
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Infinitive |
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порицание) |
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finished |
this |
work |
in |
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time. |
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12. Согласование времен |
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Вид действия |
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I say (that) |
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→ |
I said (that) |
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действие, |
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I do |
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→ |
I did |
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одновременное с |
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I am doing |
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I was doing |
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действием главного |
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предложения |
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действие, |
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I have done |
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→ |
I had done |
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предшествующее |
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I did |
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→ |
I did / I had done |
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действию главного |
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I was doing |
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I had been doing |
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предложения |
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будущее действие по |
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I will do |
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→ |
I would do |
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отношению к |
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I will be doing |
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I would be doing |
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действию главного |
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I will have done |
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→ |
I would have done |
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предложения |
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can |
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could |
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may |
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might |
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must |
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must / had to |
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63
13. Условные предложения
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Условие |
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Придаточное |
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Главное |
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предложение |
предложение |
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Реальное |
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If I have more time, |
I’ll come over. |
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If you want to paint that |
you will need a new |
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wall, |
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paintbrush. |
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Настоящее |
If I were you, |
I would go there |
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время / |
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myself. |
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Прошедшее |
If you wanted to paint |
you would need a new |
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время |
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that wall, |
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paintbrush. |
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Нереальное |
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Прошедшее |
If it hadn’t been so hot |
We could have gone to |
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время |
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last summer, |
Egypt. |
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If you had wanted to |
you would have needed |
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paint that wall, |
a new paintbrush. |
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14. Причастие |
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Формы причастий |
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Группа |
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Participle I |
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Participle II |
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Active |
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Passive |
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Indefinite |
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changing |
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being changed |
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1) изменяемый, |
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изменяющий |
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1) изменяющийся, |
измененный |
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(ся) (вший) (ся) |
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изменяемый, |
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2) когда (его) |
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изменяя(сь) |
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который |
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изменили, так |
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изменяется |
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как (его) |
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2) будучи |
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изменили |
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измененным |
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Perfect |
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having changed |
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having been |
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изменив(шись) |
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changed |
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когда (его) |
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изменили, после |
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того как (его) |
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изменили |
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64
Независимый причастный оборот
(Absolute Participle Construction)
Компоненты сложного предложения |
Перевод |
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Независимый |
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Подлежащее+ска- |
придаточное |
предложение |
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причастный оборот |
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зуемое, |
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с союзами если, так как, |
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выраженное |
когда, после того как |
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личной |
формой |
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глагола |
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His father |
being very |
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he had to send for |
Так как его отец был очень |
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ill, |
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the doctor. |
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болен, ему |
пришлось |
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послать за доктором. |
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Подлежащее+сказу- |
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Независимый |
сложносочиненное |
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емое, |
выраженное |
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причастный |
предложение |
с |
союзами |
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личной |
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формой |
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оборот |
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причем, а, и, но |
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глагола |
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The letter having been |
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he went out to post |
Письмо было написано, и |
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written, |
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it. |
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он пошел |
на |
почту |
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отправить его. |
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15. Герундий |
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Формы герундия |
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Группа |
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Active |
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Passive |
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Indefinite |
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The car needs repairing. |
He insisted on the car being |
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repaired. |
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Машине требуется |
Он настаивал на том, |
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ремонт. |
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чтобы машину |
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отремонтировали. |
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Perfect |
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They |
remember |
having |
We heard of the car having |
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repaired that car. |
been repaired several |
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Они |
помнят, |
что |
times. |
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ремонтировали |
ту |
Мы слышали, что машину |
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машину. |
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ремонтировали несколько |
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раз. |
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65
Герундиальный оборот
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сущ. в притяж. п. |
He insisted on the students’ |
предлог + |
+ герундий |
(their) doing it. |
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притяж. мест. |
My friend’s (his) taking part in |
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this work helped me greatly. |
предлог + сущ. в общ. п. + герундий |
They objected to the books |
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being sent immediately. |
Перевод
придаточными предложениями с союзами: то, что; того, чтобы и др.
16. Инфинитив Формы инфинитива
Группа |
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Active |
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Passive |
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Indefinite |
He is glad to help his |
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He is glad to be helped. |
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friend. |
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Он |
рад, |
что |
ему |
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Он рад |
помочь своему |
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помогают. |
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другу. |
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Continuous |
He is glad to be helping |
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his friend. |
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− |
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Он рад, что помогает |
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своему другу (сейчас). |
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Perfect |
He is glad to have helped |
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He is glad to have been |
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his friend. |
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helped. |
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Он рад, что помог |
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Он рад, что ему помогли. |
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своему другу. |
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Perfect |
He is glad to have been |
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Continuous |
helping |
his friend for |
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− |
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many years. |
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Он рад, что помогает |
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своему другу много лет. |
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Complex Object |
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сущ. в общ. п. |
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глагол + |
+ инфинитив |
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мест. в объект. п. |
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Глаголы:
1) to see, to hear, to watch, to feel, to observe, to let, to make
2) to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to assume, to find, to expect, to suppose, to imagine, to trust, to mean
66
3)to pronounce, to declare, to report, to teach, to want, to wish, to desire, to intend
4)to like, to dislike, to hate
5)to order, to allow, to command, to encourage, to forbid, to ask (for), to permit, to enable, to cause, to let, to make
We see the boys (them) play football.
He considers the problem (it) to be complicated.
The pressure causes the ice to melt.
It enabled the process to be observed.
Перевод
1)придат. доп. предложением
2)простым предложением
|
Complex Subject |
сущ. в общ. п. |
1) в страд. зал. |
+ глагол |
2) в действ. зал. + инфинитив |
мест. в им. п. |
3) to be + прилаг. |
Глаголы:
1)to see, to hear, to notice
2)to know, to think, to consider, to believe, to assume, to expect, to suppose,
3)to say, to report, to order, to ask, to allow, to state, to announce
4)to be likely, to be unlikely, to be certain, to be sure
5)to seem, to appear, to happen, to prove, to turn out
The boys (they) are seen to play football.
The problem (it) is considered to be complicated.
The data proved to be wrong.
This is likely to be the case.
Перевод
1)придат. предложением
2)простым предложением
17. Словообразование Суффиксы существительных
-er |
builder |
строитель |
-or |
operator |
оператор |
-ing |
building |
здание |
-ist |
specialist |
специалист |
-ism |
eclecticism |
эклектика |
-age |
shrinkage |
усадка |
67
-al |
revival |
возрождение |
-ance |
importance |
значение |
-ence |
difference |
различие |
-ian |
electrician |
электрик |
-dom |
freedom |
свобода |
-hood |
childhood |
детство |
-ion |
action |
действие |
-ation |
foundation |
основание |
-sion |
inclusion |
включение |
-(t)ion |
information |
информация |
-ment |
pavement |
тротуар |
-ness |
hardness |
твердость |
-ship |
friendship |
дружба |
-ity |
density |
плотность |
-(t)ure |
pressure |
давление |
-th |
strength |
прочность |
Суффиксы прилагательных
-able |
durable |
долговечный |
-ible |
combustible |
воспламеняемый |
-al |
constructional |
строительный |
-an/ian |
European |
европейский |
-ant |
resistant |
устойчивый |
-ary |
primary |
первичный |
-ory |
refractory |
огнеупорный |
-ed |
prefabricated |
сборный, заводского |
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изготовления |
-ent |
convenient |
удобный |
-ful (наличие качества) |
powerful |
мощный |
-ic |
electric |
электрический |
-ive |
decorative |
декоративный |
-less (отсутствие качества) |
weightless |
невесомый |
-ly |
yearly |
ежегодный |
-ous |
tremendous |
огромный |
-y |
rainy |
дождливый |
-ish |
reddish |
красноватый |
68
Префиксы прилагательных
anti- |
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antisocial |
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антиобщественный |
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un- |
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unsuitable |
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неподходящий |
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ir- |
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irreplaceable |
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незаменимый |
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in- |
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indirect |
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непрямой |
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im- |
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impossible |
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невозможный |
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multi- |
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multiparametric |
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многопараметрический |
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non- |
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nonconducting |
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непроводящий |
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pre- |
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precautionary |
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предупредительный |
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pretensioned |
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с |
предварительным |
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натяжением |
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post- |
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post-tensioned |
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с |
последующим |
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натяжением |
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semi- |
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semi-official |
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полуофициальный |
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sub |
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subtropical |
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субтропический |
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super- |
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supersaturated |
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перенасыщенный |
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inter- |
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international |
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международный |
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interdependent |
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взаимозависимый |
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extra- |
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extraordinary |
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экстраординарный |
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ultra- |
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ultraviolet |
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ультрафиолетовый |
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hyper- |
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hypersonic |
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сверхзвуковой |
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trans- |
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transcontinental |
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трансконтинентальный |
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infra- |
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infra-red |
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инфракрасный |
||
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infrastructure |
|
основание, |
фундамент, |
|
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|
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нижнее строение |
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Суффиксы глаголов |
|
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|
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-ize(-ise) |
|
standardize |
|
стандартизировать |
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-fy |
|
modify |
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видоизменять |
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-en |
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strengthen |
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укреплять |
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-ate |
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locate |
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размещать |
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Префиксы глаголов |
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be- |
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beset |
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окружать, |
украшать |
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орнаментом |
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re- |
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rebuild |
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перестраивать |
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dis- |
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discharge |
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разгружать |
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un- |
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unfasten |
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развязывать |
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69