Ахмедзянова_английский_язык

6.Everybody knew the column to have played an important role in the history of building.

7.I know that young engineer to be working in a large construction company.

8.We thought this wooden house to have been built without any special machinery.

9.I watched the plasterers make the ceilings and walls nice and smooth.

10.We saw the builders mix cement, sand, pebbles and water in a cement mixer.

11.The students watch the workers fill the spaces between the foundation walls with concrete.

12.We didn’t see the painters whitewash the interior part of the house.

16.4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Complex Subject

1.The domes seem to float above the building.

2.He is known to be designing schools.

3.The building seems to work properly well.

4.The courtyard is thought to measure 8 m by 15 m.

5.This design is likely to win the top prize.

6.Modern architecture appears to have no links with previous styles.

7.London was said to be the cleanest city in Europe in the early 17th century.

8.Gothic, which was favoured in Britain and throughout Europe, was thought appropriate for buildings of many kinds, including hospitals, lawcourts and hotels.

9.Gothic architecture is assumed to have never become a natural manner to the Italians.

10.The Renaissance is claimed to have re-initiated classical detail.

11.Brunelleschi was believed to have been drawn towards ancient Rome for practical, engineering reasons.

12.St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome is assumed to represent the Cinquecento style or High Renaissance.

13.The great garden front at Wilton House was thought to have been built by Inigo Jones.

14.St.Petersburg proved to have been the first European capital to be built according to a preconceived plan and is known to have been subsequently developed according to clearly defined and progressively orientated townplanning principles.

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17.СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

17.1.Переведите группы слов

technology – technological, engine – engineer – engineering, special – specialist – speciality – specialization – specialize, industry – industrial – industrialize, architect – architecture – architectural, to train – trainer – training, to combine – combination; strong – strength – to strengthen; hard – to harden – hardness; tension – tensional; compression – compressive; durable – durability; to apply – application; to shrink – shrinkage

17.2. Образуйте с помощью суффиксов: а) существительные, b) глаголы, c) прилагательные и переведите их

a)-ment: to develop, to improve, to achieve, to move, to govern, to fulfill, to settle, to treat, to require, to reinforce

-ship: student, member, partner, author, leader, professor, champion -(t)ion: to invent, to relate, to produce, to form, to observe, to protect, to

consider

b)-ate: decor, operation, illumination, domination, location -ize: real, organ, special, harmony, style, modern, industrial

c)-ive: progress, mass, construct, create, excess, attract

-al: form, person, profession, function, architecture, tradition -ful: success, power, harm, beauty, care, wonder

-able: practice, move, value, manage, disagree, enjoy, recognize

17.3. Образуйте имена существительные от следующих слов

free, to equip, to distribute, to accelerate, wide, important, different, to contribute, high, to exist, to educate, foreign, to cooperate, to build, to tile, to insulate, to construct, to paint, to produce, to decorate, to design, to populate, to continue, to provide, to utilize, to reduce, to mix, to contain, to insulate, to compress

17.4. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова и переведите их

pressure, building, thermoplastic, regulation, safely, vertical, projection, horizontal, separately, acting, requirement, hydraulic, structure, equipment, partition, structural, employment, tensional, lengthen, specially, monolithic, different, storage, central, directly, basic, durable, flexible, exception, nearly, limitation, construction, economic, minimize, insulation, scientific, sanitary, mechanical, quantity, prefabricated, polymeric, harden, compressive, elastic

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17.5. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на префиксы и суффиксы

a)antibacterial, antidemocratic, antifogging, irrespective, unplanned, impossible, indirect, indifferent, irregular, unknown, dishonest, illegal, uncomfortable, unimportant, jobless, homeless, useless, unbreakable, nonresistant, uneconomical, incomplete, impermeable, inaccessible, unpainted, nonferrous, stainless, non-magnetic, non-combustible

b)semi-rigid, semi-circular, semi-automatic, semi-conducting, semicylindrical, semi-dense, semi-detached, semi-linear, multistory, multicellular, multichannel, multilateral

c)precast, prestressed, pretensioned, pretreated, post-war, post-modern, posttest

17.6. Переведите слова, образованные с помощью конверсии

17.7. Переведите сложные слова

a)power-station, lighthouse, keyboard, motherboard, ferroconcrete, sandstone, stone-mason, steelwork, glass-wool, stone-concrete, formwork, framework

b)type-writer, glass-cutter, air-receiver, air-heater, fault-finder, stonecrusher

c)heating-plant, freezing-test, burning-glass, printing-house, boiling-point, lifting-gear

d)air-tight, acid-free, crack-free, shockproof, vapourtight, friction-free, noise-proof, fireproof, corrosion-resistant, weather-tight

e)air-absorbing, heat-removing, load-bearing, acid-containing, waterholding, metal-cutting

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f)sun-dried, metal-covered, air-cured, heat-treated

17.8. Определите, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова и переведите предложения

1.We can easily lift great loads by means of helicopters.

2.Using helicopters means making the job easier on inaccessible construction sites.

3.The use of helicopters is an excellent means of placing in position building units on inaccessible construction sites.

4.By no means can long-wheel-base lorries be used on a building site where access conditions are difficult.

5.The mean speed of manipulating building cranes can easily be calculated.

6.Large-scale mechanization should be introduced into building practice by all possible means.

7.Concrete must be thoroughly worked into the forms to fill them entirely and the reinforcement should be tied together so that it forms a stable framework.

8.A variety of metal forms for concreting are available.

9.As clay forms the soil in many areas, it has been used for brick making.

10.Structural walls are space enclosing elements which form rooms, or a collection of rooms, in a building; thus their form and dimensions must first be determined by the requirements of the plan.

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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

Грамматические таблицы

1. Имя существительное Образование множественного числа имен существительных

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Оборот there + to be в Simple Active

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5. Местоимения Личные, притяжательные и возвратные местоимения

Неопределенные местоимения some, any и отрицательное местоимение no

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Производные от some, any, no и every

*в вопросительных предложениях и условных предложениях

**в утвердительных предложениях

Количественные местоимения many, much, a lot of,

(a) few, (a) little

6. Времена группы Simple Present Simple

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