- •Tenses in the active voice
- •The indefinite form
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •The continuous form
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •The perfect form
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Indirect speech
- •The passive voice
- •Action verbs and state verbs
- •Present continuous and present simple
- •Appendix 3 Adverbials of time with the present perfect and past simple
- •Overview: the future
- •Overview: uses of tenses and aspects
- •Exercises
- •Verb forms in the indicative mood forms of the indefinite aspect
- •2. Refer the action to the past adding an appropriate time indicator and making other necessary changes. Explain the spelling and pronunciation of the verb endings.
- •3. Insert "shall", "will" and "ll". Give variants wherever possible and account for your suggestions.
- •4. Determine the meaning of the verb forms in terms.
- •6. Now that you know the daily actions of Mr. And Mrs. .Priestley, refute or bear out the following statements.
- •8. Explain the difference in meaning between the sentences in each set and translate them into Russian. By what means are future events expressed?
- •9. Give answers to the following questions using adverbial clauses of time.
- •11. Explain the meaning of the following English proverbs and think of Russian equivalents. Account for the use of the tense in the proverb.
- •12. Complete the following sentences adding a principal or a subordinate clause and account for the use of tenses in the clauses.
- •13. Join the simple sentences into complex sentences using a suitable conjunction from the list.
- •14. Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the form of the verb expressing a future action.
- •15. Translate the following sentences into English. Define the type of the subordinate clause and account for the choice of the tense expressing a future action.
- •Indefinite and continuous forms
- •17. Use a continuous form in the required tense choosing a suitable verb from the list. Explain the spelling of the participle.
- •18. Make appropriate questions for these answers. Ask them and give shorter answers: they will sound more natural.
- •19. Determine the meaning of the continuous forms. Do the sentences in this exercise cover alt the meanings of the continuous forms or can you add some more?
- •20. Use the verb in brackets in the present indefinite or the present continuous and comment on the difference in the meaning of the forms, if any.
- •21. Use the verb in brackets in the past indefinite or the past continuous and comment on the difference in the meaning of the form, if any.
- •22. Replace the time indicators by those given in brackets, change the form of the verb accordingly and make other necessary changes.
- •23. Make up sentences out of the parts in columns without changing the form of the verb.
- •24. Explain the difference in meaning (if any) between the continuous and indefinite forms in the following sets of sentences. Translate the sentences choosing a suitable aspect in Russian.
- •25. Answer the following questions using the continuous forms. The phrases in brackets may serve as cues in the suggested situations.
- •26. Make up a situation based on the following sentences, using indefinite and continuous forms. Use the phrases suggested in brackets.
- •27. Make up dialogues based on the following situations, using indefinite and continuous forms. Use the phrases suggested in brackets.
- •28. Translate the following sentences into English using indefinite and continuous forms in the present tense.
- •29. Translate the following sentences into English using indefinite and continuous forms in the required tenses.
- •Indefinite, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms
- •30. Choose a suitable verb from those given in brackets and fill in the blanks with the correct form.
- •31. Determine the meaning of the perfect forms.
- •32. Use a perfect form in the required tense choosing a suitable verb from the list.
- •34. Determine the meaning of the past indefinite, present perfect and past perfect in the following sentences. Account for the choice of the forms.
- •35. Use the verb in brackets in the past indefinite, present perfect or past perfect. Account for the choice of the form.
- •36. Paraphrase the following statements using the present perfect or the past indefinite with time indicators introduced by "for", "since", "it is ... Since".
- •37. Complete the following sentences adding a principal or a subordinate clause with a suitable form of the verb.
- •38. Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the present perfect, past perfect and past indefinite.
- •39. Explain the difference between the meaning of the italicized forms in the following sets of sentences and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •40. Respond to the following statements or questions using the perfect forms in the suitable tense and aspect; add a time indicator if necessary.
- •41. Complete the following sentences according to the examples using indefinite, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms.
- •42. Translate the following sets of sentences into English and account for your choice of perfect and perfect continuous forms.
- •43. Use the appropriate form of the verb with each of the time indicators.
- •45. Translate the following dialogues into English. Explain the meaning of perfect and perfect continuous forms you used.
- •The passive voice
- •I. Determine to what object of the active constructions the subjects of the following passive sentences correspond. Analyse the forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •II. Change the following sentences into the passive voice using the italicized words as the grammatical subject. Use a by-phrase where indicated.
- •III. Change the following sentences into the passive voice wherever permissible.
- •IV. Answer the following questions in accordance with the example.
- •Sequence of tenses and reported speech
- •II. Change the following direct questions into indirect according to the examples. Answer the questions and report the answers. Mind the pronouns and the word order.
- •III. Change the following statements into questions, answer the questions and report the questions and answers in indirect speech.
- •IV. Ask one another questions about your daily activities using the cues below. Answer the questions and report the questions and answers in indirect speech.
- •V. Turn the following questions and statements into indirect speech. Mind the choice of the auxiliary verb with different pronouns.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into English observing the sequence of tenses and the rules of presenting reported speech.
- •Tests test 1
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст в ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 10
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 11
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 12
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 13
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 14
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 15
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •Test 16
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 17
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 18
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ:
- •Test 19
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •Test 20
- •I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.
- •II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
- •III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
- •IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
- •V. Переведите на английский язык.
- •VI. Выберите правильный ответ.
II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.
Mark Twain spoke for twenty minutes.
III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.
Everybody (1 – know) today what hot dogs (2 – be). Hot dogs (3 – be) popular for a long time. The first ones (4 – sell) by street vendors in the 19th century. They not (5 – know) then, of course, that they (6 – be) hot dogs. They (7 – be) just a sausage in a bun.
In the 1930s Harry Stevens (8 – start) to sell sausages in (9– heat) buns, (10– add) mustard and relish. He (11– think) they (12– be) very funny.
A famous sports cartoonist, who (13 – call) himself Ted, also (14 – think) they (15 – look) funny and (16 – draw) a picture of a dog in a bun. Ted (17– be) very good at (18 – draw). He (19 – name) the sausages “hot dogs,” and the name soon (20 –become) very popular. But there (21 – be) a problem. Makers of sausages (22 – think) people (23 – think) they (24 – make) of dog meat and therefore not (25 – eat) them. So for some time “hot dogs” not (26 – use) in advertisements.
But hot dogs (27 – survive) this. Soon Nathan’s restaurant in New York (28 – put) hot dogs on their menu. They (29 – be) a great success and (30 – become) famous in the whole of New York.
They (31 – be) still popular in many different places, they can (32 – buy) in parks, fast-food restaurants and cafeterias.
Since the time they first (33 – appear) hot dogs (34 – become) favourite food of those who (35 – camp) out or (36 – need) fast food for other reasons, though most people not (37 – know) why they (38 – call) hot dogs or who (39 – give) them that name.
IV. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. The news ... so pleasant, that she couldn’t help smiling.
a) is, b) was, c) are, d) were.
2. What... awful weather we’re having today.
a) – , b) a, c) an, d) the.
3. Do you know what ... , I can’t remember it.
a) is his name, b) his name is, c) was his name, d) his name was.
4. Your father’s sister is your ....
a) niece, b) cousin, c) aunt, d) granny.
5. ... we went we saw the same posters.
a) Somewhere, b) Anywhere, c) Nowhere, d) Everywhere.
6. Their house is ... to the school.
a) near, b) nearly, c) close, d) closely.
7. She felt somebody ... her by the shoulder and turned round.
a) touch, b) to touch, c) touched, d) have touched.
8. Have you had your lunch ... ? – No, I’m going to do it now.
a) already, b) still, c) just, d) yet.
9. She left the room and shut the door behind ... .
a) her, b) herself, c) by herself, d) for herself.
10. The tea was ... hot for me to drink.
a) quite, b) enough, c) too, d) at all.
11. He is not... in politics.
a) interest, b) interests, c) interesting, d) interested.
12. Don’t worry, your luggage will be looked ... .
a) after, b) over, c) at, d) upon.
13. My sister enjoys ... .
a) dance, b) to dance, c) dancing, d) danced.
14. The typist is away, these papers can’t... now.
a) type, b) to type, c) have typed, d) be typed.
15. My father is 3 years ... than my mother.
a) old, b) older, c) oldest, d) elder.
16. ... does she look like? – She’s young and pretty.
a) What, b) Who, c) How, d) How old.
17. I don’t remember when I went to the cinema ... .
a) last time, b) for the last time, c) last, d) at last.
18. I’ll call the taxi as soon as the things ... .
a) were packed, b) have been packed, c) will be packed, d) packed.
19. He said he ... in Moscow all his life.
a) lives, b) lived, c) has lived, d) had lived.
20 We wondered when our documents ... ready.
a) will be, b) would be, c) are, d) were.