Androsova_002

.

. e- -en

. . y-

/i/), -n .

:

y- (

, ),

, , y- , -n.

. .

-(e)nde: s onde , singende , wr tende

, maciende . . :

1): -and(e) ;

2): -(e)nde .;

3): -ind(e), -ing(e),

. XIV

-ing(e).

-inde

-inge :

he lay on dyinge , . ~ he lay on dyinde

;

he herde foweles singinge ~ he herde foweles singinde

.

:

-ing, ,

, ,

. ,

,

XIV . .

,

.

. :

-an (wr tan )

-enne (t wr tenne , ).

. ,

, to

.

at,

, much ado about nothing : ado at do.

42

.

.

. (Future Indefinite)

shall .

. will «will + »

2- . . . wolt: I see that thou wolt heer abyde.

b n (wesen) + II,

.

,

: he was geven his lyf.

,

, : Let this fellow be looked to. . ,

: of, by, mid .

. .

haven b n.

, –

. , , Past Perfect:

er that he hadde half his cours y-seyled;

at night was come in-to that hostelrye wel nyne and twenty in a companye of sondry folk.

,

,

.

Past Indefinite ( ,

, at night was come...).

XV .

,

b n I. XIV .

,

, .

.

(the Passive Infinitive, the Perfect Infinitive, the Perfect Passive Infinitive).

43

4.3. .

.- .

: + + .

( ).

,

.

,

,

.

. ,

.

, ( . ,

) –

( ): f ti , .

f t f t.

. ,

, , :

, .

–

.

( , )

( ) .

. ,

, ( ).

,

, .

11. .

.

. .

, .

,

.

44

XIV . : the younge sonne hath his halve cours y-ronne

. .

sunne , his,

.

,

, . .

.

.

:

:

: , , , ,

: , , ,

. 5 8 .- . ( , ,

, , ). .

.

. ,

,

,

,

. . . .

. , . ,

.

12.

.

45

, . ,

.

, ,

.

. .

,

,

.

.

. ,

- -. .

.

: .

.

. . ,

.

: . . . st n – . st nes, . . st nes – . st nes.

-n-) :

,

, . c

-(e)n: care – caren ( ).

: . . . f t – . f tes, . . . f t

–. f tes.

.- . .- .

: . dæ ( .- .), dæ e ( .- .) . dai daie.

,

: . . s eadu . shade . shade, . .

eadwe . shadwe . shadow; : . mead – meadow.

( ) ,

. – ,

. .

– .

. .

46

4.4. .

,

–

) ( ) .

( ,

) ,

– .

, . . .

, .

( )

, ,

( ).

–n-,

. . .

. .

.

13. .

: eall, manig, þer; – : ilca same,

.

. ,

. (Attr.+K. = Adj.+N.)

, .

. .

: . sm l, . sm le: and sm le foweles maken melodye. ,

( ) .

: a young squire , ~ the younge sonne

, . , .

:

47

,

-e . . .

,

, – .

. (s , s o, þæt)

, , .

: sum , ænig , n .

. s ,

/s/ / /

.

. n

; n . n (oon) . one.

( . ), ,

,

.

. –

– ,

.

.- . , .

: , -ra;

-est/ost.

. . , ,

(

): læd – lædra – ladost, lon – len ra – len est *lon ira – *lon ist; eald – ieldra (ealdra) – ieldest (ealdost).

. , ,

: old – older/elder – oldest/eldest, farther/further, nigh – near – next.

.

: d – bettra – bet(e)st; l tel – l ssa – l st; micel (mucel) – m ra – m st; evil – werse – werst.

. : good – bettre – best, evil – werse

–werst, muchel – m re – m st/ m st, litel – lesse – lest.

.

m , bet, betst, sw þor. .

,

: (Chaucer) more swete, better worthy. .

«double comparative»/«double superlative»: (Shakespeare) This was the most unkindest cut of all.

XVIII . –

.

48

4.5. .

. :

1): ,

(+ 1 2 , .

.), , (

, ).

: sunu m n, his fæder,

self .

14. .

2). : s (s o, þæt, þ )s (þ os, þis, þ s), ( . ),

).

, (

) , .

.

15. .

3): hw (hwæt) –

hw .

: n ni , n n, n nþin , n wiht;

- ( , ) hwelc ( hwilc), hw r; sum, swylc.

49

.

. .

.

:

. . . . ,

: m n; th n; his, hir, our, your, hire.

,

: . his – . hise.

.

: 3 ., h e (him), they (them, their).

.

, hie, hem, hire.

.

they, hem, hir.

. take’em, , ,

, .

.:

. i . ch; / /

,

.

sh

h o s o.

.

, : that/th – this/th s. XI-XII .

.

,

: among tha trees, bitwene tho two Noes children. XIV .

.

n. .

, XII . , , .

oon/one .

. hw

:

. hw . who,

. hw m . whom,

. hwæs . whose,

. hw . why.

50

:

. hwelc . which

,

. hwæþer ( ) . whether ( ) .

.

self . .

self: I drede me ( ). He clothed him hastily.

.

–

, , .

:

. hwelc lc . eech . each; . swylc . such.

-body, -thing, -oon/-one.

n n . n n (

ne- n). / / / / . .

, , -n,

-n. ,

.

.

2- thou (thee, thy).

; . you (ye)

.

2- . .

XVI . his (3 . . ,

, )

its.

. . th .

-s: those.

51