Androsova_002

3.12.

(1700-1900):

XVII—XVIII . / / : knowleche /'n li /, Greenwich /'grini /;

-if : actif active, pensif pensive; /v/ of;

-es ( . 3- )

/ / : /z/

: days, shoes; /s/ : boats, locks;

-ed

II : walked /t/, noticed /t/; begged /d/, raged /d/, curved /d/, feigned /d/, died /d/, stayed /d/.

. :

/ / /a/. ,

lot, bother father; result .

/æ/ / :/ /s/, /f/, / / /n/, /m/+ pass, glass, grass, class;

. /hw/ / /, /w/: whine – wine.

/t/ /d/ / / (glottal stop,

) /n/, /l/, /m/,

: cotton, middle, castle;

/t/ /d/ / / / /,

: pretty, matter.

.

32

4. .

.- . .

.- .

: + +

.

,

,

,

, .

. ., :

. acv- -m , . . . . ( - -),

. zyg-ó-n , ., . . . . ( - -),

. dom-u-s , . . . . ( -u-),

. av-i-s , . . . . ( -i-),

.- . , . . . . ( - -).

.

. ,

,

– « ». ,

. :

, . ,

,

.

:

, ,

,

,

.

:

. . ápas – apas-ya-ti (- - – . );

. tepe ( ) – tepe-sc- (-sc- –

);

. phér-oi-s, phér-oi-te , (-oi- –

( )).

, . . .

33

4.1. .

,

).

.

/ – / /: . scacan – sc c – scacan

–

,

. :

1): – /a, o, u/

i(j) .

/a/: . sl pjan . sl pan;

/o/: . d mjan . d man;

/u/: . fulljan . fyllan.

2):

/u(w)/: *badu . beadu .

. , .

(

).

, .

.

, .

34

. ,

, .- . .

),

, .

,

.

4.2. .

.

( ). – 2 3

. ( ) .

. . ,

, . ( )

:

;

:

, ,

( )

,

, –

, ;

;

:

,

,

;

.

:

1);

2);

3);

4).

1 , , /e/ /i/, 2 – /a/ /æ/, 3 4 /o/

/u/. 3 4 :

, ,

/u/ /o/.

. .

.

:

.- . .

35

6. .

*

( , ),

(

), .

7. .

2

.

36

– ,

: -de/-te 2 3 , -(e)d/-(e)t : d man . – d mde

1 . . . – d med , c pan –

pte – cept , lufian – lufode – lufod .

,

-jan: fulls ., fulljan fyllan, li gan lagjan ;

-o-: fisc fiscon , caru caron

;

, : fullnan , bundnan .

:

*d n:

. t tun, . dyden ( ) – . salb -ded-um ( )

.- . : . del tus ( ), aud tus ( )

.

8. .

,

, . :

i- : *talian tellan, *þuncian þyncan

. : *talde tealde,

: *þuncde *þuncte *þunhte þ hte.

37

. ,

:

n – ode – odon – n to go,

beon (*wesan) – wæs – w ron to be;

:

willan – wolde will,

n – dyde – ed n to do,

an – b de – eb n , .: . n ah- e-b r . heighbour,

. boor, . Bauer).

. , ,

, . .

:

( ),

,

( , ,

sculan willan),

( ): , ,

– , ,

, ,

, ;

( ) – ;

.

( ) . .

, .

e-: feohtan to fight – efeohtan to gain by fight, l cian to like – el cian to come to like. , , e-

: sittan to sit – esittan to occupy, beran to carry – eberan to bear a child, mani oft ecwæð many people often said (repeated action).

. e-: siþþan Wiðer yld læ since Withergild fell.

habban, b on, weorðan:

:

r ron sume of ð m b cerum sittende there were some of those leaned men sitting;

– :

e hæfdon þ heora stefn esetenne they had that term finished.

. .

38

. ,

on ( ) weorðan ( )

( !). ,

, .

: we synd worpene hider ; ,

b on

weorþan: þ heord him wæs þ re neahte beboden

.

9. . .

*

. ,

,

. . :

;

: .

.

shullen willen,

;

. :

sholde wolde

;

39

( ):

–

. ,

.

, .

.

. :

, ,

, – from, thurgh, of;

werthen . (Ormulum),

; becomen, geten, semen;

. ;

ben (wesen)

,

.

.

( ). , . (2 ). (3 ) ,

:

2

): . r san – r s – rison – risen

. rise – rose – risen;

– 3 (

): . b tan – b t – biton – biten . bite – bit – bitten.

: . sprecan – scræc – spr con – sprecen

. sp(r)eken – spak – speken – spoken stelen – stal – stelen – stolen.

.

:

. .

.

.

, :

(I)ripan grip; lidan glide;

(II)cr opan creep; l o an lie;

(III) climban climb; helpan help; (IV) bacan bake; wæcnan wake.

40

.

:

dan, wærian, hrin an bæran, sin an;

pan, t an, þyncan kepen, techen, thinken:

.;

, :

. macian – macode – macod . maken – makede/made – maked/made,

. habban – hæfde – hæfd haven/han – havede/hadde – haved/hadd.

.

. 3 .

-(e)s,

,

-(e)þ. . -(e)s ,

. . -(e)þ

« » ( ).

. -(e)n

, -n :

1).

-on ( .: scullon , cunnon

);

2).

-en ( .: hulpen , bunden –

; helpen, binden – );

3). ( . sædon

, br hton ).

, : 1) 2) , 3)

.

10. . .

41