Androsova_002

o oc ep x x, y x, poc o-

oc x pa o ec o oe po

. Cpa o- op ec oe e ec x occ

yc o oc xpo ec x oc

oe po . o, o op , o pa e cy o ,o- y, ocxo e ca oc ec , e

ec c . Ha ep:

: c p. ahám, . ), . ego, c .-c . a , xe . uk, . ik

. .): p. m m, . mé, . m , c .-c . , xe . amuk, . mik

: c p. sa, c .-c . , . sa

o . n.): p. tam, . tón, c .-c . , . tõ, . þana

: c p. ka , . quis, xe . kwiš, . kàs, c .-c . o, . as

yc oc po ecce op ec o pa ep x

po c e c a, pe co , e op x

oc o oe po y y. Ha ep:

: c p. pra-, . pro, pyc. po, . pro, . faúr, .a. for, . fora, . fyr, : c p. ápa, . apó, . ab, . af, .a. of, . af

y, : . ad, . at, .a. æt, . a , . at

e ec e occ ox pa e apea

oe po o oc o ep e coce py oe po x . ec a o, o coc pe c ep .

2.2. . ,

.

.

,

.

30%

, :

1): . handus, . hand, . hant, . h nd ;

. b n, . b n, . bein, . bein ;

2): . fugls, . fu ol, . fogal ;

. kalb , . cealf, . kalb, . kálfr ; . laufs, . l af,

. loup, . lauf ;

3): . saiws,

. s , . s o, . s ; . rign, . re n, . regan, . reg n

; . storm, . sturm, . stormr ;

4): . scip, . skif, . skip ;

. bry , . brucka, . bryggja ; . sk hs, . sc h, . scuoh,

. skór ; . raip, . r p, . rief, . reip ;

12

5): . hopa, . hoffe, . håb, . hopp ;

. l f, . l b, . líf ;

6): . drigkan, . drincan, . trinkan, . drekka ;

. leikan, . l cian, . l hh n, . líka ; . breiban, . dr fan,

. tr ban, . drífa ; . sandjan, . sendan, . senten, . senda

; . haldan, . healdan, . haltan, . halda ;

. swerian, . sweran, . sverja ;

7): . braiþs, . br d, . breit, . breiðr

; . en, . eigan, . eiginn ; . triggws,

. etr ewe, . gitriuwi, . tryggr , .

2.3.,

, ,

.

,

.

. .

: man-cyn ( . ), hl ford ( hl f-weard .

-ian: wundrian ;

2)-ere, -en, -estre

: fiscere , dryhten , seamestre ;

3). -nis, -þ/-þu, -un /-in . -scipe, -d m, -h d, -l c

) : tr owð , dnis , fr ondscipe, fr od m, ildh d;

4)-en, -isc, -i , -l as, -li : ylden, En lisc, eal-mihti , misti , sl pl as, eorðli ;

5)-li e -e:

ðli e , sw te ;

6)-, be-, for-, e-, mis-, t -, un-,

,

: -faran faran ), becweðan , cweðan ), foryfan ,

( iefan ), ereord , ( r dan, . reord

), misd d , t -dæ , unc ð .

13

2.4. , .

.

(V-I . .).

, ,

, . ,

: . * sarno-,

. iaran – . eisarn, . sern/ ren, . san, . íarn.

,

: . *r g- , . r g – . reiks, . r ce ,

, . r hhi, . ríki; . *l gyo . l keis, . l ce,

. l hhi.

:

. clocc – . clugge, . glocka;

. eth – . aiþs, . þ, . eid, eiþr;

. g sll – . sl, . g sel, .gísl.

. (I . . – IV . .)

:

. coqu na . cycene, . chuhhina;

. mol na . mylen, . muli(n);

. pond . pund, . pund, . pfunt, . pund ;

. caseus . iese, . Käse;

. discus . disc , . tish ;

. caupo . kaup n , . kouf n, . kaupa,

. c ap , ( ) .

.

wine, pepper, pear, apple, plum, inch, cup .

,

(V-VI .).

,

.

,

: . via strata , . str t ( .: . r d ,

, , r dan – . reita); . vallum

. weall; . castra . aester; . portus . port.

:

. castra Chester, Manchester, Lancaster; . colonia Lincoln, Colchester;

. fossa Fossbrooke; . portus Portsmouth.

, .

, .

14

: binn , dun , cradle, bard, druid, glen, bald. ,

: . dunn . Dunedin, Dumbarton, the Downs; llan [hlan] . Lancaster; . amhuin

. Avon, Evon; . usisge . Exe, Esk; . London . Llyndun .

, , .

, (VII – VIII .): . ( .) apostolus, episcopus, schola, angelus, magister . apostol, biscop, sc l, en el, mæ iser.

.

): . ( .) evangelium . d-spell ( .

), . salvator . h lend ( h lan , ).

VIII – XI . .

.

, ( -

, Danela – ), XI .

. ( )

–

, . .

, . ,

.

: skin, wing, call, crawl, cast, law, ill, weak, skill, loose, skirt .

:

,

: . deyja to die || . steorfan to starve;

. skye || . heofon;

: . taka – . niman,

. vindauga – . ea red, . þeih/þe re/þeim . 3 . . – .

e/hyre/hem. ,

: . dr am , || . draumr , .

. .

, ,

: -by ( . byr

): Derby, Grimsby; -toft : Langtoft; -thorp : Bishopthorp, Linthorp; -ness : Inverness.

1066 .

, . XII-XIII .

.

15

,

:

: govern, power, royal, policy, parliament;

: judge, accuse, defend, advocate;

: army, officer, soldier, regiment;

: sermon, religion;

: leisure, art, tailor, barber, dance, flower.

,

, .

:

: . peace – . friþ,

. beauty – . wlite;

,

: . amity – . friendship;

( ):

. tongue – . language; . big, great – . large, grand, huge;

: . harvest – . autumn.

(XIV-XVI .)

,

.

: discuss, suggest, collect, tradition.

: analysis, epoch, democracy, myth.

, ,

, , . phon : phonology, telephone.

, ,

. ,

:

: scenario, cartoon, fresco, concerto, opera, balcony;

: easel, sketch; : cruise, bouy, bowsprit, freight, skipper;

: armada, flotilla, parade, guerilla, castanet, matador.

, .

50 80% .

16

3. .

,

,

.- . .

-

:

;

(2500 . – 1) –

;

(1 – 200 .)

;

(200 – 400) ,

;

(400 – 500) ,

, ;

(500 – 700);

(700 – 900);

(900 – 1100) – ,

. ;

(1100 – 1300);

(1300 – 1500);

(1500 – 1700);

(1700 – 1900).

3.1.

. (I-II . .)

.

.

,

.

.- . ( , , , , )

, , , , ).

. , / / / /

. / , / / , / ,

.

. /i/, /u/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /l/ ,

: /i/ /u/ , /m/,/n/,

17

/r/, /l/ /u/: *bnd- ( ,

. . . .) bund-; *kmtom hund.

/e/, /o/, /a/ c

,

:

1).- .

: .- . *trejes = trei + es . tre|is;

2), ,

: . oinos – . ains,

.- . – . rauþs.

,

.

3.2. ( XV . . I .)

,

.

(1818)

(1822). ,

. . . ,

. . . ,

,

, , .- .

( ).

1.

:

/ / /: . rota – . rad; . hostis – . gasts; / /

/ / ;

/ / /: . st re – . st þ.

18

1. .

I

st, sp, st, tr, ht, ft

.

19

3.3. (I – II . .)

.

, :

,

.

, . ,

.

, , .

. .

3. .

:

/ / /u/ (

, ):

1)/ /i/, /i/ /j/: . medius – . midde,

. miðja ; . erda – irdisk ;

2)/u/ /o/, /a/: . hulpum – . hulpon ( II), . hulpans – . holpen ( . .);

. gold – guld n ; diot – diutisk .

20

( ) e//i o//u.

, , . .

/ / /i/ /m/, /n/:

. (of)fendo – . bindan, . penta – . finf.

4. .- . .

*– n i j

**/ / / /,

1 ) – ( ),

: / / / / / /.

(/ / .; / / .).

4 , / /,

,

.

/ /, / / ,

:

/ / : . br hta . *bra t ( bringan);

/ ( :)/ – . 4.

21