Home Assignments 3

Task 1 Group the words according to the parts of speech (in writing):

various, severity, hospitalize, doubtful, radiation, favourable, sensitive, incidence, measure, disturbance, frequently, slightly, duration, characterize, improvement, eliminate, rupture.

Task 2 Group the words with the same root (in writing):

dilate, disturb, eliminate, unit, different, dilated, union, eliminated, differ, recurrence, dilatation, disturbance, elimination, unite, recur, difference, undilated, unity, disturbing.

Task 3 Read and memorize the facts:

Do you know that:

1 Atrest the blood makes a complete circle in our body within 20 – 25 seconds?

2 Within 70 years of life the human heart contracts about 2.5 milliard times and pumps 145 million litres of blood?

3 At rest the human heart pumps 4 litres of blood per minute but on great exertion 40 litres?

4 The man can live without water for 10 days and without food for more than a month?

Task 4 Remember the reading of the following terms:

academician, coronary, defect, biochemical, manipulation, interval, characterize, hypothermia.

Task 5 Learn the following words and word combinations:

suffer from – страждати на

congenital – природжений

besides – окрім; крім того

failure– зупинка; порушення

heart failure– раптова зупинка серця

fibrillation– фібриляція

arrest – затримка; зупинка

damage – пошкоджувати

result in– призводити до

result from– бути наслідком

danger– ризик

exclude– виключати

bandage– пов’язка

incision – розтин

Task 6 Read and translate the following words and word combinations:

1 Сongenital: congenital disease, congenital heart defect, to suffer from a congenital heart defect.

2 Failure: heart failure, cardiac failure, to reveal heart failure, to prevent the development of heart failure.

3 Result: to result in the impairment of heart function, the inflammation resulted from infection.

Task 7 Learn the following word combinations paying attention to the prepositions:

in the presence of, to result in, to result from, to be operated on for smth, to be preceded by, a damage to some organ, because of a bad state, within a certain period of time

Task 8 Put up questions to the given answers:

1 Yes, there are about ten main kinds of congenital heart defects which can be treated both therapeutically and surgically.

2 Yes, heart defects result in the impairment of heart functions and the changes in its anatomical structure.

3 Yes, heart failure may occur during the operation on the heart.

Task 9 Read the text. Find and translate the sentences a) with the construction “it is … that”; b) with the predicate in Perfect Continuous; c) with the pronouns used instead of the nouns. Write the English equivalents of the following word combinations:

за наявності цих порушень, вада серця, виявлення шумів серця.

Cardiosurgery

Cardiosurgery has been developing successfully in our country. The beginning of its development was marked by the first operation on the heart performed by Academician Bakulev. It is due to the work of such prominent surgeons as Vishnevsky, Meshalkin, Petrovsky, Amosov, and others that great progress has been achieved in cardiosurgery. The lives of many thousands of people suffering from cardiac diseases and from those of coronary vessels have been already saved.

The operations on the heart are performed to eliminate the existing heart defects, congenital or developed, and to restore the normal function of the heart.

The operation on the heart is preceded by various examinations, which enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis. The most important ones are listening to the heart, its X-ray examination, electrocardiograms, the revealing of heart murmurs, and clinical and biochemical blood analyses. Only having made an exact diagnosis and having come to the conclusion that the therapeutic measures have been ineffective the surgeon can perform the operation on the heart.

The operations on the heart are very difficult to perform because of the intricate anatomical structure of the heart and because the heart constantly contracts.

Some operations are performed on the contracting heart, but such operations give the surgeon only a very short period of time for his surgical manipulations. Besides in such cases there is always the danger of the impairment of cardiac functions such as heart failure, fibrillation and others. In the presence of these impairments complete or partial arrest of blood circulation develops.

Such intervals of blood circulation result in the damage to some organs, for example, the brain can live without blood supply only four-five minutes; if the interval is longer the brain cells die.

Task 10 Write annotation to the text.