Jaundice

Jaundice is a symptom common to many disturbances and diseases of the liver, such as obstruction of the bile ducts, cancer, etc. In jaundice the skin and the sclerae take on a yellowish color which may vary in its intensity. Even the serum of the blood is bile colored. Jaundice is frequently accompanied by severe itching. The pulse is usually slow, and there is a tendency to haemorrhage. In advanced cases nervous symptoms may develop. Jaundice being caused by obstruction, the bile cannot pass to the intestines and the stools are of a white color. The urine is deeply colored. In toxic jaundice the stools may be of normal color or deeply colored.

Infectious jaundice in adults has been found to be due to a virus. It is characterized by fever, vomiting, jaundice and haemorrhage from the nose, intestines, etc. Jaundice is not a rare complication in case of severe intoxication.

Task 6 Get ready to speak about infectious hepatitis.

Physiology of the nervous system Home Assignments 1

Task 1 Memorize:

1 Suffixes -ize, -ise, -yse, -yze are used to form the verbs: summarize – підсумовувати, analyse – аналізувати.

2 Suffixes -ancy, -ency form the nouns: infancy – дитинство, insufficiency – недостатність.

3 Suffixes -ant, -ent are the suffixes of the adjectives: constant – сталий; постійний; significant – значний, важливий, багатозначний.

4 Suffix -ness is used to form the nouns from the adjectives: weak – weakness.

Task 2 Read and translate the following words:

realize, recognize, criticize, generalize, specialize;

sufficiency, urgency, persistency, emergency, deficiency, dependency, efficiency;

distant, present, absent, important, dependent, different;

badness, readiness, coldness, whiteness, redness.

Task 3 Study the following grammar items:

Perfect passive

│

to have been written

Present Past Future

have been had been written will have been written

written

has been

Task 4 Find the predicates in the sentences, determine the tense form of each predicate:

1 The direction of the nerve fibers has already been established experimentally.

2 Several new medical schools have been founded in our country recently.

3 The exact amount of the blood in the experimental animal has just been estimated.

Task 5 Find the sentences with the predicates in Passive Voice and translate them:

1 The doctor has treated the patient with pneumonia.

2 I have been treated at this clinic.

3 The professor has just delivered the lecture on the exchange of gases in the lungs.

4 The lecture on the exchange of gases in the lungs has been delivered today.

Task 6 Memorize: the construction “it is (was) … that” is used to emphasize the part of the sentence.

Read the following sentences, compare their translation:

I. M. Sechenov investigated blood gases in 1858. – І. М. Сеченов досліджував гази крові у 1858 році.

It was Sechenov who investigated blood gases in 1858. – СамеСеченов досліджував гази крові у 1858-му.

It was blood gases that Sechenov investigated in 1858.–Самегази крові Сеченов досліджував у 1858-му.

It was not until 1858 that Sechenov investigated blood gases. – Саме (тільки)у 1858 році Сеченов досліджував гази крові.

Task 7 Translate the following sentences:

1 It is in the alveoli that the respiratory metabolism takes place.

2 It is hemoglobin that carries oxygen to different tissues of the human body.

3 It was not until 1628 that blood circulation was described by William Harvey.

Task 8 Read and translate the following words:

mechanism, cortex, communication, stimuli, summarize, analyze, constant, hypothalamus.

Task 9 Learn the following words and word combinations:

complicate – ускладнювати

complicated – складний

directly – безпосередньо; напряму

ear – вухо

sense – відчуття, сенс, значення

pain – біль

smell – запах

feeling – почуття

order – порядок; наказ; замовляти (ліки)

in order to – для того щоб

move – рухати(ся), переставляти

area– простір; область

control – перевірка; контролювати; усувати (біль, хворобу)

vision– бачення

almost – майже; ледве не

Task 10 Read the text. Find and translate the sentences containing a) emphasizing construction; b) Present Perfect Passive. Find the English equivalents of the following word combinations and memorize them:

органи відчуття, з приводу болю, багато іншого, рухомий відділ кори головного мозку.