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- •Пояснительная записка
- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Personal background
- •1.1. About myself
- •1. Study the vocabulary, read the words aloud
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Read the words, translate them into Russian
- •3. Read the text about Helen Pavlova. Find the words from the vocabulary in the text. Look up the unknown words in the dictionary
- •4. Find the correct answer to the question
- •5. This is the first day at the university and students try to know each other. Read the dialogue, act it out
- •6. In pairs, compose the dialogue asking each other as many questions as possible. You have 5 minutes to get ready. Act your dialogue in front of the class
- •7. Study the table to be
- •8. Say the same sentences about persons or subjects given
- •In brackets
- •9. Say what was in the past using the words given in brackets
- •10. Say what will be in future using the words given in brackets
- •11. Say it in English
- •12. Study the table
- •13. Fill in the gaps using Present, Past and Future Indefinite of the verb to be in the negative or interrogative forms
- •14. Translate from Russian into English using the verb to be in Present, Past and Future Indefinite in the negative or interrogative forms
- •15. Study the table to have
- •16. Use to have (have got) in the Present Indefinite in the negative or affirmative forms
- •17. Use to have (have got) in the Past Indefinite in the negative or affirmative forms
- •18. Use to have (have got) in the Future Indefinite in the negative or affirmative forms
- •19. Study the table
- •20. Use to have (have got) in the interrogative form
- •1.2. Family
- •1. Study the vocabulary, read the words aloud
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Fill in the words to complete the sentences
- •3. Read the text. Find the words from the vocabulary in the text. Look up the unknown words in the dictionary My family
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Choose the correct response
- •6. Bring family photographs and present your family and yourself to the class. Talk about
- •7. Read the text, answer the questions after it You’re gorgeous!
- •8. Which of the statements are true? Explain your answers
- •Сравнительные структуры
- •11. Put the words in the correct order
- •18. Write the plural
- •19. Some of the sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong
- •20. Which is right? Complete the sentences
- •1.3. Flat
- •1. Study the vocabulary, read the words aloud
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Read the text, find the words from the vocabulary and make your own sentences with some of these words Our flat
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text
- •4. Say if the sentences are true or false
- •11. Look at the table. Say which floor the people are on
- •12. Translate into English
- •13. Draw a plan of your house or flat. Draw the items from Exercise 2 on your plan, and any other things you have (a cd player, a computer, a tv, a video). Tell your partner about your house or flat
- •14. Study the table
- •15. Fill in the gaps with suitable noun-phrases
- •16. Ask questions to get information. Use the words in brackets
- •17. Disagree with the following statements
- •18. Translate into English
- •Unit 2. Routine activities timetable
- •1. Study the scheme, read the sentences, translate them into Russian
- •2. Tell in English
- •3. Study the time-table. Make a time-table for your working day
- •4. Ask your partner about his/her working day
- •9. Answer the questions
- •13. Complete the sentences. Use me / he / him / she / her / they / them / us / it
- •14. Replace underlined words with the personal pronoun
- •15. Finish the sentences in the same way
- •16. Complete the sentences in the same way
- •18. Study the table present simple
- •19. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form
- •4. Read the text again. Say if these sentences are true of false
- •9. Which of these ways of relaxing would you like to try? Why? If you want to relax, what do you usually do?
- •10. Study the table, ask the teacher if you have any questions
- •Past Indefinite
- •11. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the Past Indefinite
- •3. Questions
- •4. Look through the text again and find the opposites of the words below
- •Prepositions (предлоги)
- •5. Choose the correct preposition
- •3.2. Traveller’s story
- •1. Look through the phrasal vocabulary; find the transcription in the dictionary if it is necessary. Match the columns
- •2. Read and translate the text, look for more words and phrases for your vocabulary
- •3. Answer the questions
- •7. Complete the words or phrases below using the words from the box
- •8. What do you call
- •9. Think about flying (from check-in to the time you leave the airport at your destination) and answer the questions. If possible, discuss your answers with someone else
- •10. Study the information about Present Continuous, ask your teacher if you have any questions Present Continuous
- •Present continuous
- •11. Choose the correct variant
- •2. Read the following words, mind the reading rules
- •3. Match Russian and English equivalents
- •4. Read the text about the Moscow State University; find out the most important facts from the text Moscow State University
- •5. Fill in the correct word(s) from the box below to make up a phrase. Use the words only once
- •6. Compose your own sentences with the following words and phrases
- •7. Say on what faculties a student can
- •8. Answer the questions
- •4.2. Steve Jobs
- •1. Study the vocabulary carefully
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the columns
- •3. Read the text about Steve Jobs and find out the most important facts from the text Advances in electronics
- •4. Answer the questions
- •4.3. Linus Torvalds
- •3. Say if these sentences are true of false
- •4. Answer the questions
- •5. Study the information about Present Perfect Simple, ask your teacher if you have any questions
- •Present perfect
- •6. Write questions with How long …? And the Present Perfect
- •7. Rewrite the following sentences using the Present Perfect
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or the
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or the
- •10. Correct the mistakes
- •3. Underline three examples of the Present Perfect in the text which tell us when a present situation started.
- •4. Find words and phrases in the text which mean the same as the following
- •II. Порядок слов в предложении
- •Подписано в печать Тираж зкз.
- •625003, Тюмень, Семакова, 10.
4. Answer the questions
When and where was Steve Jobs born?
When and where did he see his first computer?
How much money did Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak have to start up their company?
When did the first personal computer go to the market?
Who became the main competitor of Apple in 1983?
Why did Steve Jobs leave Apple?
What was the reason of NeXT failure?
What happened to NeXT?
Who was the owner of Pixar before Steve Jobs?
What are the most famous products of Pixar?
When did Steve Jobs return to Apple?
What is the position of Steve Jobs now?
4.3. Linus Torvalds
1. Study the vocabulary carefully
Vocabulary
accomplished programmer – состоявшийся программист
accustomed – привыкший, приученный
from scratch – с нуля, с начала
embedded systems – внедренные системы
to get big boost – получить повышение, «оказаться на волне», стать успешным
blessing support – благословенная поддержка
a global consortium – глобальное объединение
2. Read the text about Linus Torvalds and find out the most important facts from the text
The right person at the right time
Linus Torvalds is the world's most famous computer programmer. He is the founder and coordinator of Linux, the Unix-like operating system that is beginning to revolutionize the computer industry.
Linus Benedict Torvalds was born on December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, the capital and largest city in Finland. He was named after Linus Pauling, the famous physical chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
Torvalds had a fairly happy childhood despite the fact that his parents were divorced when he was very young. He lived with his mother and also with his grandparents. His emphasis was placed on reading from an early age.
It was his grandfather, Leo Toerngvist, a professor of statistics at the University of Helsinki, who had the greatest influence on the young Linus. In the mid-1970s, Toerngvist bought one of the first personal computers, a Commodore Vic 20. Torvalds soon became bored with the few programs that were available for it, and he thus began to create new ones, first using the BASIC programming language and then using the much more difficult but also more powerful language.
Programming and mathematics became Torvalds' passions.
In 1987 Torvalds used his savings to buy his first computer, a Sinclair QL. This was one of the world's first 32-bit computers for home use. With its Motorola 68008 processor (the part of the computer that performs logic operations and also referred to as a central processing unit or CPU) running at 7.5MHz (megahertz) and 128KB (kilobytes) of RAM (random access memory), this was a big step up from his grandfather's Commodore Vic 20. However, he soon became unhappy with it because of it could not be reprogrammed due to the operating system residing in ROM (read-only memory).
In 1988 Torvalds followed in the footsteps of his parents and enrolled in the University of Helsinki, the premier institution of higher education in Finland. By that time he was already an accomplished programmer, and, naturally, he majored in computer science. In 1990 he took his first class in the C programming language, the language that he would soon use to write the Linux kernel (i.e., the core of the operating system).
In early 1991 he purchased an IBM-compatible personal computer with a 33MHz Intel 386 processor and a huge 4MB of memory. This processor greatly appealed to him because it represented a tremendous improvement over earlier Intel chips. As intrigued as he was with the hardware, however, Torvalds was disappointed with the MS-DOS operating system that came with it. That operating system had not advanced sufficiently to even begin to take advantage of the vastly improved capabilities of the 386 chip, and he thus strongly preferred the much more powerful and stable UNIX operating system that he had become accustomed to using on the university's computers.
Consequently, Torvalds attempted to obtain a version of UNIX for his
new computer. Fortunately (for the world), he could not find even a basic system for less than US$5,000. He also considered MINIX, a small clone of UNIX that was created by operating systems expert Andrew Tanenbaum in the Netherlands to teach UNIX to university students. However, although much more powerful than MS-DOS and designed to run on Intel x86 processors, MINIX still had some serious disadvantages. They included the facts that not all of the source code was made public, it lacked some of the features and performance of UNIX and there was a not-insignificant (although cheaper than for many other operating systems) licensing fee.
Torvalds thus decided to create a new operating system from scratch that was based on both MINIX and UNIX.
Torvalds originally gave his new operating system the working name Linux (from Linus' MINIX).
Linux got big boost when competitors of Microsoft began taking it seriously. Oracle, Intel, Netscape, Corel and others announced plans to support Linux as an inexpensive alternative to Microsoft Windows. Major corporations soon realized the potential of Linux, and they quickly adopted it for their Internet servers and networks.
Perhaps the biggest force for Linux's adoption in the corporate world has been IBM's official blessing and massive support. This included a 2001 announcement of a commitment of a billion dollars for Linux research, development and promotion.
Among the advantages of using Linux in embedded systems are portability (i.e., ability to run on almost any type of processor), flexibility (i.e., ease of configuring), low cost (i.e., no licensing fees) and the availability of efficient and low cost development tools.
But Torvalds' success was also due to the fact that he was the right person at the right time.
Torvalds is now working on the Linux kernel full-time for Open Source
Development Lab (OSDL), which is based in Beaverton, Oregon. Founded in 2000 and supported by a global consortium of computer companies, including IBM, OSDL describes its mission as "becoming the recognized center of gravity for Linux and the central body dedicated to accelerating the use of Linux for enterprise computing."