What is engineering
In general, engineering is a science that deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices. An engineer is a person who has higher technical education. An engineer should have a profound knowledge in his branch and a basic knowledge in some other fields as engineering problems are complex and interrelated. The word “engineering” has a lot of meanings and can be translated into Russian in many ways.
6.7 Match the English and Russian words and word combinations.
1. |
machinery of all types |
a) |
изготавливать продукцию, изделия |
2. |
is divided into |
b) |
конструирование механизмов |
3. |
field n |
c) |
станки |
4. |
machine-tools |
d) |
отрасль, сфера (исследования, применения) |
5. |
machine design |
e) |
все типы механизмов |
6. |
to make products |
f) |
подразделяется на |
6.8 Read the text and answer the questions. . What do mechanical engineers do? In what spheres should mechanical engineers have profound knowledge?
Mechanical engineering
Engineers in this field design, build, test and operate machinery of all types. The field is divided into:
machine-tools, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics and pneumatics;
work and energy, heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
A mechanical engineer must be trained in mechanics and hydraulics, metallurgy and machine design. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves.
6.9 Read and translate the text. Answer the questions: What do engineers design and supervise? What requirements should newly built ships meet?
Why should naval architects have profound knowledge of higher mathematics?
|
|
|
construction of ships |
— |
строительство судов |
stability n |
— |
остойчивость |
strength n |
— |
прочность |
floatability n |
— |
плавучесть |
reliability n |
— |
надежность |
determine v |
— |
определять |
shape n |
— |
форма, обводы судна |
hull structure |
— |
конструкция корпуса |
a ship hull |
— |
корпус судна |
welding n |
— |
сварка |
intended for them |
— |
предназначенную для них |
principal dimensions |
— |
главные измерения |
Naval engineering
Naval architects are engineers who design and supervise the construction of ships and ship repair. Ships must be designed to meet certain requirements such as stability, strength, floatability, reliability and many others in order to perform the type of work intended for them. Naval architects determine the shape and principal dimensions of the ship. They also carry out research work and develop calculating methods of strength and optimal parameters of the ship structure, noise reduction of the ship hull and machinery. Naval architects must be familiar with the variety of techniques in modern shipbuilding. They develop basic technologies; supervise welding operations and installation of equipment.
6.10 Match the English and Russian words and word combinations.
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supervise |
|
проводить исследовательскую работу |
|
to meet requirements |
|
основные технологии |
|
to carry out research work |
|
отвечать требованиям |
|
calculating methods |
|
наблюдать, контролировать |
|
optimal parameters |
|
методы вычислений |
|
noise reduction |
|
уменьшение шума |
|
variety of techniques |
|
сварочные работы |
|
basic technologies |
|
оптимальные величины |
|
welding operations |
|
установка оборудования |
|
installation of equipment |
|
разнообразие, множество методов, приемов |
6.11 Study the words and word combinations on the text .
ship power plant |
— |
судовая силовая установка |
steam turbine |
— |
паровая турбина |
gas turbine |
— |
газовая турбина |
diesel engine |
— |
дизельный двигатель |
nuclear power plant |
— |
ядерная энергетическая установка |
ship internal combustion engine |
— |
судовой двигатель внутреннего сгорания |
steam generator |
— |
парогенератор |
mounting n |
— |
монтаж, сборка, установка |
control n |
— |
управление, контроль |
fuel consumption |
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6.12 Read and translate the text. Write a 3-4 sentence abstract.