- •Automobile
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •Unit 1 automobile industry
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Translate into English.
- •3. Fill in the gap with the necessary word.
- •4. Find synonyms to the following verbs.
- •History of the Automobile Industry
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •Henry Ford and Mass Production
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Power System
- •Vocabulary to be remembered
- •A. Engine
- •Engine Types
- •Fuel Supply
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Read and translate the text
- •Match two parts of the sentences using the information from the text
- •D. Exhaust System Read the text paying attention to the words given. Learn these words by heart.
- •E. Cooling and Heating System
- •Drivetrain
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •A. Transmission
- •B. Front- and Rear-Wheel Drive
- •Unit IV Support Systems
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •A. Suspension System
- •B. Wheels and Tires
- •Unit V Control Systems
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •B. Brakes
- •Study the meanings of the word skid and try to use the word combinations in your own sentences.
- •1) А) заносить (об автомобиле) It was raining hard, and the car skidded badly. — Шел сильный дождь, и машину сильно заносило.
- •2) Предотвращать движение (колес) с помощью тормозного башмака.
- •Unit VI
- •Match the following meanings of the techniques that need electricity.
- •Vocabulary to be remembered.
- •Unit VII Safety Features
- •Unit VIII Supplementary reading. History
- •Internal-Combustion Engine
- •Early Electric Cars
- •Automobiles in the 20th Century
- •New Technologies
Henry Ford and Mass Production
Vocabulary to be remembered.
Court – суд
Initial – начальный
Efficiency – эффективность
Sturdy – крепкий
Affordable – возможный
Improve – улучшать (ся)
A two-cylinder motor – двигатель с двумя цилиндрами
Windshield – лобовое стекло
Minor – незначительный
lb –( сокр. от pound) фунт
Make up the dialogue using the words from the vocabulary.
Several small automobile manufacturers were making cars in the early 1900s, but American Henry Ford helped popularize the idea that anyone could own a car. Ford successfully challenged the Selden patent in court, opening the door for increased automobile manufacturing. Ford achieved initial success by making cars in large quantities to reduce costs and by making them simple enough so many consumers could easily operate them. Ford standardized parts and reorganized factory production to maximize efficiency. Ford made the sturdy, black Model T using mass production, the most economical way to make the maximum number of similar copies of the car. He understood that efficient mass production would lower car prices, making cars affordable for the average person, thus generating a huge market. From 1910 to 1924, Ford cars decreased steadily in price as they improved in quality. The Ford Model F in 1904 weighed 630 kg (1,400 lb), had a two-cylinder motor, and sold for $1,200. By 1924 the Ford Model T touring car was heavier at 680 kg
(1,500 lb), had a more powerful four-cylinder motor, and included a top and windshield—yet it sold for only $290. Ford made only minor changes to the Model T for nearly two decades, and more than half of the cars sold in the United States were Model Ts during many of those years.
Retell the text.
Unit II
Power System
Vocabulary to be remembered
diesel fuel-дизельное топливо
solar energy-солнечная энергия
ignition key-ключ зажигания
battery-аккумулятор
starter motor-стартер двигателя
flywheel-маховое колесо
crankshaft -коленчатый вал
pistons-поршни
cast iron – чугун
rod – тяга, шток, рычаг, (connecting rod – шатун)
spark plug-свеча зажигания
combust-воспламеняться, гореть
hot expanding gases - горячие расширяющиеся газы
rotate-вращаться
via- через
disengage-расцеплять
camshaft –распределительный вал,
torque – вращающий момент
gear wheel - зубчатое колесо, ЗК; шестерня
Use these words and word combinations in the sentences of your own making up a dialogue.
Read the text and retell the information given.
Gasoline internal-combustion engines power most automobiles, but some engines use diesel fuel, electricity, natural gas, solar energy, or fuels derived from methanol (wood alcohol) and ethanol (grain alcohol). Most gasoline
engines work in the following way: Turning the ignition key operates a switch that sends electricity from a battery to a starter motor. The starter motor turns a disk known as a flywheel, which in turn causes the engine’s crankshaft to revolve. The rotating crankshaft causes pistons, which are solid cylinders that fit snugly inside the engine’s hollow cylinders, to move up and down. Fuel-injection systems or, in older cars, a carburetor deliver fuel vapor from the gas tank to the engine cylinders. The pistons compress the vapor inside the cylinders. An electric current flows through a spark plug to ignite the vapor. The fuel mixture explodes, or combusts, creating hot expanding gases that push the pistons down the cylinders and cause the crankshaft to rotate. The crankshaft is now rotating via the up-and-down motion of the pistons, permitting the starter motor to disengage from the flywheel.
Try to translate the following words and word combinations
engine block
cylinder head
valves
bolt
aluminum alloy
combustion chamber
connecting rod
bearings
of revolutions per minute
lobe
(камера сгорания, блок цилиндра, кулачок, крышка цилиндра, оборотов в минуту, клапаны, крепиться, подшипники, соединительная тяга, алюминиевый сплав.)