7. Types of Word-Form Derivation.

There are 2 main types of word form derivation:

1) Those limited to change in the body of the word without help axulary words (sensetic types).

2) Those enplane the use of axulary (analytical).Besides there are a few special cases of different forms of a word been derived from all together different stamps.

a) Senstic types The number of morphemes used for deriving word forms in modern English is very small. Much smaller then in Latin, German, Ukrainian or Russian.They may be annumerated in a very short space. There ia the ending –s(-es) with 3 variants of pronunciation used to form the plural of the noun. And the ending –en, (-ren) used for the same propers in one or two words each (oxen, children).There is the ending –is with the same 3 variants of pronunciation as for the plural: ending used to form what is a generaly term case of nouns.For adjectives there are the endings: -er, -est for the degress of comparatives.For verbs the number of morphemes used to derived their forms is slitly greater. There is the ending –s(-es) for the 3-d person singular Pr. Ind. With the same 3 v. of pronouns.The ending –d(-ed) for the Past Tense of certain verbs with the 3 v. of pronouns.The ending –d(-ed) for the Participle ІІ of certain verbs. The ending –ing for the Participle І and for the Gerund.The total number of morphemes used to derive forms of words is 10 or so. It is mush less then the number found in L. of a mainly sensetical structure.

b) sound alternations (чредование гласных). By sound alternation are can understand a way of expression grammatical categories wich consist in changing a sound inside the root. These method apperes in modern English in nouns then the root vowel [ ] of a singular form man is changed into [e] to form the plural form –men or similarly. The root vowel on of mouth is changed into –i in mice. These method is much more used in verb such as write–wrote-written; meet-met-met. On the whole vowel altonation does play some part among the means of expressing the grammatical categories.

c) analytical (вспомаг. глаголы) Analytical types consists in using a word to express some grammatical category of another word.The verbs: have, be, do – have no lexical meanings of their own in these cases. The lexical meanen of the formations presides in the Participle or Infinitive following the verb: have, be, do.Some analytical types has been expressed about the formation shall invite and will invite. There is a view that shall/will have a lexical meanings: consides shall/will as verbs serving the form the Future Tence of other verbs. Thus have, be,do,shall,will are what we called axulary verbs. As such they constitute to typical feature of the analytical structure of modern English. While the existans of analytical forms of the Eng. verb can’t be destitute.The existents of some forms in adjectives and adverbs is not nowadays universally recognized. The question whether such formations as more vived the most vived or more vivedly most vivedly are not analitical forms of degress of comparatives.If these formations are recognized as analytical forms of degrees of compression the words more/most have to be numbered among the analytical means of morphology.

d) suplative formation Besides the sensetical and analytical means of building word in modern Eng. There is another way of building them which stands quite a part and is found in a very limited.By a sypletive formation one can mean building a form of a word from an alltogether different steam (the verb go with its past Tence went; the personal pronoun I with it’s objective case form me).In the morphological system of modern Eng. suplative formation are very insignificant elements but they consem a few very widly used words among adjectives, pronouns and verbs.