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Getting started

Составители: старшие преподаватели кафедры иностранных языков Санкт-Петербургской Государственной Педиатрической Медицинской Академии Дайнеко М.Ю., Мордвинова Н.А.

Рецензент: доцент кафедры романской филологии факультета иностранных языков РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, кандидат педагогических наук Макаричева В.Д.

Ответственный редактор: заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков Санкт-Петербургской Государственной Педиатрической Медицинской Академии, кандидат филологических наук доцент Могилёва И.И.

Отдельную благодарность за предоставленный материал авторы выражают старшему преподавателю кафедры иностранных языков Санкт-Петербургской Государственной Педиатрической Медицинской Академии Гальфанович И.Л.

Учебное пособие “Getting Started” предназначено для студентов 1 курса педиатрического, лечебного, стоматологического факультетов, а также факультетов клинической психологии, сестринского дела, биофизики и является вводным курсом для постепенного перехода к основным учебным пособиям, чтению специальной литературы и работе с текстом в соответствии с современными тенденциями реализации системы учебных действий.

Основной целью данного методического пособия является формирование у студентов умения использовать английский язык как средство профессионального общения и самообразования. При составлении авторы руководствовались основными положениями современной методики и психологии, предусматривающими развитие навыков извлечения и обработки информации из иноязычного источника, а также умения вести работу с деловыми бумагами.

Структурной единицей данного пособия является раздел, содержащий различные виды лексических и грамматических языковых упражнений, объединенных единой тематикой, а именно: «Я – студент-медик», «Деловая переписка», «Мой рабочий день», «СПбГПМА», «Моя будущая профессия».

Задания к текстам направлены на закрепление и активизацию лексического минимума и развитие навыков устной речи, а грамматические упражнения способствуют развитию навыков чтения и перевода.

UNIT 1

I AM A MEDICAL STUDENT

Ex.1. Read and translate the following text. What sentences can be used to describe your admission to the Academy and your new life here?

LETTER OF A MEDICAL STUDENT TO HER FRIEND

Petrova Anna

Room 65

Hostel 1

Kantemirovskaya Street, 16

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric

Medical Academy

Saint Petersburg – 194100

Russia

Mary Smith

London University September 15, 2010

London, UK

IG324 8MK

Hi, Mary!

Guess what? I’ve made it! I’d like to tell you that I am a first year student! In six years I’ll graduate from the Academy (I study at Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy) and start treating children and may be grown up people as well. I will be a pediatrician, which means “children’s doctor”. But pediatricians learn adult diseases too, so I hope to be able to treat adult people as well as children. I may become a family doctor. Or perhaps I will take a post-graduate course, write a thesis and become a medical scientist. I might also take a residency to get a specialization in some field of medicine, so that I could be a surgeon, or a psychiatrist, or a neurologist, or an ophthalmologist (an eye doctor). Anyway, my duty will be to treat people and fight against different diseases.

How was it? Pretty difficult. The competition was hard, you know, it was three to one. In June I took Standard State Exams in Russian and Math (which were obligatory) and a few optional ones and finished school. I had to work really hard for my Standard State Examinations in Biology and Chemistry to pass them with good results. Then I received my Certificate of General Education, arranged all my affairs to be admitted to a medical school, applied to the Academy and became a candidate. I’ve always wished to be a doctor, you know. I was lucky with the exams’ score, so my wish came true: I was admitted to the Academy.

There are ten students in our group, and we are all girls. All of us attend our classes regularly so far. I try to take notes of all the lectures. I think we must not miss the lectures. Otherwise we might get bad marks and be called to the Dean’s office. It’s not pleasant. For bad progress in our studies we can lose stipend. Most of us get stipends. There is a good library at the Academy where we can take most of the necessary textbooks. There is a café where we can have lunch, but it is so small and it’s often overcrowded. We all take an active part in the Academy social life.

The first-year curriculum is very complicated. We study many subjects: Chemistry, Biology, Anatomy, History of Medicine, Culture of Russia, Latin language, a foreign language, Math. Anatomy is the most important subject. The timetable includes six periods of Anatomy weekly. I am greatly interested in Anatomy, we work much in the dissecting room. In Biology and Chemistry we carry out experiments and sometimes receive interesting findings. I also pay much attention to my English, as I think knowledge of foreign languages is necessary nowadays.

Later I am going to join a Students’ Scientific Society at a department of the Academy. Senior students carry out research there and make reports at the Students’ Scientific Conferences. This work gives them better knowledge of medicine, especially practical one.

I live in an Academy dormitory now, with three other girls. They are great! We’ve already made friends. We usually go to the Academy together. It takes us ten minutes to get to the Academy on foot. I spend all my free time with my new friends. We walk along the streets of this beautiful city, go to the theatres, museums, youth clubs and sometimes arrange parties.

I miss my family and schoolmates, I feel like talking to them about everything. I expect to go home for my winter vacation very much.

Hoping to hear from you soon.

Yours, Anna.

Ex.2. Complete the following table:

A.	B.
1. 2.to treat adult people and children 3. 4.to carry out research 5. 6. dissecting room 7. 8. to be greatly interested in smth 9. 10. an Academy dormitory 11. 12. to be called to the Dean’s office 13. 14.to apply to 15. 16. to be admitted to the Academy 17. 18. to pay attention to smth 19. 20. to lose stipend to get stipend	1. конкурс 2. 3. расписание 4. 5. педиатр 6. 7. необходимые учебники 8. 9. СНО 10. 11. хирург 12. 13. ЕГЭ 14. 15. кафедра 16. 17. СПбГПМА 18. 19. аспирантура 20.

Ex.3. Find in the text the following sentences:

1. Мы уже подружились.

2. Я всегда хотела стать доктором.

3. Нам требуется десять минут, чтобы добраться до Академии пешком.

4. Анатомия – самый важный предмет.

5. Я напишу диссертацию и стану учёным в области медицины.

6. Но педиатры изучают также взрослые болезни.

7. Я думаю, что знание иностранных языков сейчас необходимо.

8. Меня приняли в Академию.

9. Я стараюсь конспектировать все лекции.

10)Нас в группе десять человек.

Ex.4. Study the tables and check yourself:

ENGLISH TENSES.

ACTIVE VOICE

	Simple/ Indefinite	Progressive/ Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Progressive/Continuous
	Констатация факта	Процесс	Завершенность	Процесс в течение некоторого периода времени
P R E S E N T	V, V-s I write. Я пишу (часто).	am is V-ing are I am writing. Я пишу (сейчас).	have V3 has I have written. Я написал (уже).	have been V-ing has I have been writing. Я пишу (уже час).
P A S T	V-ed, V2 I wrote. Я написал (вчера).	was V-ing were I was writing. Я писал (вчера в 3 часа).	had V3 I had written. Я написал (вчера к 3 часам).	had been V-ing I had been writing. Я писал (уже 2 часа, когда он пришел).
F U T U R E	will V I will write. Я буду писать (завтра).	will be V-ing I will be writing. Я буду писать (завтра в 3 часа).	will have V3 I will have written. Я напишу (завтра к 3 часам).	will have been V-ing I will have been writing. Я буду писать (завтра уже 3 часа, когда он придет).

PRESENT TENSES

Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
usually often always	now	already just never	for 2 hours since 3 o’clock
She usually reads Biology in the evenings.	She is reading Biology now.	She has read the first Chapter.	She has been reading Biology since 3 o’clock.
V, V-s (do, does)	be V-ing	have/has V3	have/has been V-ing
I you read we they	I am reading	I you have read we they	I you have been we reading they
	he she is reading (it)
he she reads (it)	we you are reading they	he she has read (it)	he she has been (it) reading

FUTURE TENSES

Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
tomorrow	tomorrow at 3 o’clock	tomorrow by 3 o’clock	tomorrow for 3 hours
She will learn Anatomy tomorrow.	She will be learning Anatomy tomorrow at 3 o’clock.	She will have learnt the first Chapter tomorrow by 3 o’clock.	She will have been learning Anatomy tomorrow for three hours.
will V	will be V-ing	will have V3	will have been V-ing
I he will she learn (it) we you they	I he will be she learning (it) we you they	I he will have she learnt (it) we you they	I he will she have (it) we been you learning they

PAST TENSES

Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
yesterday	yesterday at 3 o’clock	yesterday by 3 o’clock	for 3 hours when I came
She studied Chemistry last year.	She was studying Chemistry when he came.	She had studied the second Chapter before he came.	She had been studying Chemistry for 3 hours when he came.
V-ed,V2 (did)	was, were V-ing	had V3	had been V-ing
I he she (it) studied we you they	I he was she studying (it)	I he she had (it) studied we you they	I he she had (it) been we studying you they
	we were you studying they

Check yourself:

1. Anna usually _____ by bus once or twice a week.

1. go

2. goes

3. is going

2. How _____ at the moment? Better than before?

1. you are feeling

2. do you feel

3. are you feeling

3. The Professor is away on holiday. He _____ to Spain.

1. is gone

2. has gone

3. has been

4. That bag with your textbooks seems heavy. _____ you with it.

1. I am helping

2. I help

3. I will help

5. They _____ out after the lecture in Anatomy and they have just come back.

1. went

2. have gone

3. are gone

6. You are out of breath. _____ ?

1. Are you running

2. Have you run

3. Have you been running

7. We are good friends. We _____ each other for a long time.

1. know

2. have known

3. have been knowing

8. – Helen is in hospital.

- Yes, I know. _____ her tomorrow.

1. I visit

2. I visited

3. I will visit

9. Yesterday afternoon Anna _____ to the station to meet her friend.

1. went

2. go

3. will go

10)Anna usually _____ her parents on Fridays.

a) phoned

b) phones

c) is phoning

Ex.5. What tense is used in each of these sentences?

1. I will take a post-graduate course.

2. We usually go to the Academy together.

3. I have always wished to be a doctor.

4. It takes us twenty minutes to get to the Academy by bus.

5. I am studying English now.

6. They had been working in the dissecting room for 2 hours yesterday when senior students came.

7. We have already made friends.

8. She will be carrying out a very interesting experiment tomorrow at 1 o’clock.

9. All of us took the Unified State Exams in Russian and Math.

10)He has been waiting for her letter for two weeks.

Ex.6. Give the translation of the following sentences:

1. Я буду педиатром.

2. Я учусь в СПбГПМА.

3. Он станет хирургом.

4. Он поступит в аспирантуру.

5. В июне я закончила школу.

6. Мы изучаем много предметов.

7. Я буду учить анатомию завтра в 5.

8. Я получила аттестат о среднем образовании в июне.

9. Я уделяю внимание английскому языку.

10)Я выучу третью главу к понедельнику.

Ex.7. Study the tables:

WORD ORDER (Порядок слов)

SIMPLE SENTENCE (Простое предложение)

AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCE (Утвердительное и отрицательное предложние)

1	2	3	4
Subject (подлежащее)	Predicate (сказуемое)	Object (дополнение)	Adverbial Modifier (обстоятельство)
Those students	study	these languages	at the Academy.
This doctor	doesn’t know	that nurse	in his office.

1	2	3	4
Subject	Predicate	Object	Adverbial Modifier
			оf manner (образа действия) оf place (места) of time (времени)
I	met didn’t meet	him	by chance at the department of Anatomy yesterday.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

(Вопросительные предложения)

GENERAL QUESTION

(Общий вопрос)

0	1	2	3	4
Auxiliary Verb (вспомогательный глагол)	Subject	Predicate	Object	Adverbial Modifier
Do	you	speak	English	at the lesson?
Didn’t	he	finish	his work	yesterday?
Was	your group-mate			here yesterday?

1. Yes, we do. We always speak English at the lesson.

2. No, he didn’t. He didn’t finish the work. He will finish it tomorrow.

3. Yes, she was. I saw her at the territory of the Academy.

SPECIAL QUESTIONS

(Специальные вопросы)

The teacher delivered an interesting lecture to the students yesterday.

?	0	1	2	3	4
Interrogative Word (вопросительное слово)	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Predicate	Object	Adverbial Modifier
When	did	the teacher	deliver	an interesting lecture to the students?
What	did	the teacher	deliver		yesterday?
To whom	did	the teacher	deliver	an interesting lecture	yesterday?
What	did	the teacher	do		yesterday?
What lecture	did	the teacher	deliver	to the students	yesterday?
Who			delivered	an interesting lecture to the students	yesterday?

Continue the list of possible special questions to the given sentence using the following words of interrogation: where, why, what for, how, how long, how many, how much, which, how far, how often.

ALTERNATIVE QUESTION

(Альтернативный вопрос)

1. Do you study English or French? – I study English.

Do you or does your brother study at St.Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy? – My brother does.

2. When will you study Anatomy: in the morning or in the afternoon? – I’ll do it in the morning.

What subject are you studying: Anatomy or Chemistry? – Anatomy, of course.

DISJUNCTIVE QUESTION

(Разделительный вопрос)

You speak English, don't you? Yes, I do.

You don’t speak English, do you? No, I don’t.

Ex.8. What types of questions are used below?

1. We are students, aren’t we?

2. Do they study at Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy?

3. What subjects do we study?

4. Will I get a specialization in surgery or neurology?

5. Where can students get most of the necessary textbooks?

6. Is Anatomy the most important subject?

7. She was lucky with the exams’ score, wasn’t she?

8. Did they receive their Certificates of General Education?

9. Does this work give them better knowledge in theoretical or practical medicine?

10)Who is greatly interested in Chemistry?

Ex.9. Compose different types of questions to the following sentences:

1. We study many subjects.

2. Pediatricians learn adult diseases too.

3. She is greatly interested in Anatomy.

4. I will graduate from the Academy in six years.

5. I have always wished to be a doctor.

6. We live in an Academy dormitory with three other girls.

7. There is a good library at the Academy.

8. I got my Certificate of General Education in June.

9. I will be a pediatrician.

10)We are good friends.

Ex.10. Study the following information and give the translation of the sentences below:

VERB TO BE (PRESENT)

POSITIVE

I	am	I’m	a student.
He She It	is is is	He’s She’s It’s	from England. from Russia. a dictionary. an English-Russian dictionary.
We You They	are are are	We’re You’re They’re	friends. group mates. neighbours.

NEGATIVE

I	am not	I’m not	a student.
He She It	is not is not is not	He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t	from England. from Russia. a dictionary. an English-Russian dictionary.
We You They	are not are not are not	We aren’t You aren’t They aren’t	friends. group mates. neighbours.

YES/NO QUESTION

Am	I	a student?	Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Is Is Is	he she it	from England? from Russia? a dictionary?	Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Are Are Are	we you they	friends? group mates? neighbours?	Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.