4. Find the statement true or false:

1. Electrophotography is the least widespread non-impact printing technology.

2. The toner may be transferred directly onto the paper, although in some cases it may also be transferred via intermediate systems, in the form of a drum or a belt.

3. The mechanical cleaning, which removes particles of toner, can not be done by means of brushes or suction.

4. Ink jet technologies can be classified as continuous ink jet and drop on demand ink jet.

5. Non-impact printing processes based on electrography use an electric field to transfer the image information onto the substrate.

6. Photographic papers might have surface structures which can differ from the paper quality specifications in print production.

7. With the help of proofing system large-format black-and-white pictures can be produced.

5. Match the two halves of the phrases and use them in the sentences of your own:

1. electrostatic	a) source
2. homogeneous	b) unit
3. ion	c) force
4. fixing	d) field
5. thermal	e) printing
6. electric	f) cleaning
7. mechanical	g) illumination
8. jet	h) sublimation

6. Complete the following sentences:

1. Electrophotography is based on ……………………………………………………

2. In ionography imaging takes place ………………………………………………

3. Ink jet technologies can be classified as …………………………………………

4. Ink jet printing represents the most compact technology for……………………..

5. The non-impact printing technology of photography is ………………………….

6. “X”-Graphy NIP new technologies are: ………………………………………….

7. Translate from Russian into English:

Цифровые печатные машины обладают уникальной способностью выполнять операции, которые невозможно воспроизвести в рамках традиционной технологии. В цифровом печатном устройстве при репродуцировании изображение формируется многократно – по количеству необходимых копий. Печатающая поверхность формируется каждый раз для каждой отпечатываемой копии. Это полностью отличает его от традиционного печатного процесса, при котором изображение на печатающей поверхности создается один раз, а копии производятся с данной печатной поверхности. Именно по этой причине цифровая печать обладает меньшей производительностью. Однако уникальность данной технологии заключается в том, что она дает новую возможность: формировать изображение для каждой новой копии. Любая копия на печатной поверхности может подвергаться изменениям. Это открывает новый мир печатных возможностей – печать переменных данных.

8. Correct the jumbled sentences:

1. Digital, is, printing, combination, a, digital, of, imaging, and, press, digital.

2. Most, printers, plateless, can be, to accept, adapted, digital, files, and, computer-to-print, become, system, printing, digital.

3. The, systems, ink-jet, use, jets, of, ink, driven, droplets, by, digital, signals, to print, the, variable, or same, information.

9. Language note. Modals.

Modal verbs are a small group of verbs which are used with other verbs to change their meaning in some way. The examples show you some of the ways in which modal verbs can, could, may, might, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, would are commonly used:

prediction of future events	will, shall	What will it be like, living in the next century? We’ll all be dead in a hundred years.
personal intention	will, shall	I’ll be back in a minute. We shall overcome all the difficulties.
willingness, wish	will/would, shall	Will you help me with my work? Will he come? Shall I give you a hand?
ability	can, could	I can speak Chinese, but I can’t write it. Could you close the window, please?
permission	can/could, may/might	Can I have another piece of cake? Could I leave early tonight? May I have a word with you?
unreality, hypothesis	would, should	I would like to travel round the world. What would you do if you won a lot of money? Should he protest, what would you say?
possibitity	may/might, can/could	She might not go to Paris tomorrow. They may be meeting her. Where can they be? It could be dangerous. Learning English can be fun.
certainty	must, can’t, will/, won’t	He must have graduated years ago. We can’t be all together. They’ll be back by now.
obligation, requirement	must, have to, need	You must finish this job by tomorrow. I didn’t have to get up early this morning. You needn’t have bought me a present.
desirability	should, ought to	You should give up smoking. We ought to go to that new Japanese restaurant sometime.
probability	should, ought to	Their meeting should be over now. He ought to be home by 5 o’clock today.