Essential vocabulary

Words and Word Combinations

1. workflow

2. text data

3. word processing standard

4. picture objects

5. graphics

6. reflection copy

7. scaling

8. cropping

9. a sequence of pages

10. settings for the resolution

11. screen frequency

12. RIP (Raster image processor)

13. quality feature

14. the image definition

15. to transfer

16. tone value levels (gray levels)

17. a dot shape

18. imposition

19. single-color (multicolor job)

20. color management

21. color reproduction

22. print run

23. a demand

24. substrate surface

25. soft (hard) proof

26. remote proof

27. application

28. halftone dot

29. screen angle

30. cost-effectively

31. economically justifiable

32. capstan (external drum, internal drum) imagesetters

33. highly sensitive material

34. a laser beam

35. color reliability

36. pixel

Activities

1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. How can texts, images and layout be prepared for printing?

2. How are text data, picture objects and graphics processed?

3. Are there the same stages in digital prepress as in conventional?

4. What does a scanning pattern of a specified resolution and number of tone value levels consist of?

5. What is color management?

6. Is it important to use color management today?

7. What is usually expected from a digital proof?

8. How can digital proofing systems be classified?

9. What does soft proof describe?

10. What are the functions and types of hard proof?

11. Does digital proofing mean color proof?

12. Where is press proof carried out?

13. What is a benefit of Computer to Plate System?

14. Name the three types of imagesetters.

3. Match the two halves of the phrases below:

1. reflection	a) management
2. screen	b) data
3. text	c) proof
4. color	d) copy
5. remote	e) dot
6. dot	f) frequency
7. halftone	g) beam
8. laser	h) shape

4. Fill in the gaps with the words of the essential vocabulary:

1. The ... … are very rarely edited directly in Word; instead they are positioned and typographically edited in a layout program.

2. The … … of a printed product are usually available as photograph, slide, or reflection copy, and are scanned in, or digitized, for publication.

3. For conventional … all the settings required for imaging are defined on the server or at a workstation and this information is transferred to the RIP.

4. If the screen structures of the later printing procedure can also be simulated using a digital printing process, the term “… …” is used.

5. Color … ensures optimum color reproduction irrespective of the input device, monitor, and output device used, as long as the device is characterized by an ICC profile.

4. Match the term with the definition:

1. graphic	a) a small round mark or spot
2. dot	b) a picture made from a black-and-white photograph, with varying shades shown by dots
3. transfer	c) an official request in writing; the act of putting something to use
4.halftone	d) a drawing or similar representation of an object
5. application	e) distant in space or time
6. remote	f) to move from one place, job, position to another; to copy

4. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Layout programs are software packages allowing for flexible, creative work and for integrating the elements (text, images, and graphics) on pages or a sequence of pages, or to position them on the page depending on the current job.

2. The original is scanned by either a digital camera or an output scanner.

3. The pattern consists of the biggest image elements resolved by the scanning device, the pixels.

4. When an image is to be output on film, plate, or directly on a print substrate, the dot shape, screen frequency, and screen angles must be specified first.

5. Color management is the calibration of all input and output devices within an image processing chain with the aim of always achieving the desired color reproduction independent of the devices used.

6. Hard proofs can be divided into six general classifications.

7. Imagesetters were originally used as input devices for typesetting or repro systems.

4. Translate into English:

Дизайнерские программы подразделяются по типу графики, которую они создают, векторную или растровую. Большинство приложений основано на векторной графике, но есть небольшое количество программ, которые работают с растровой (пиксельной) графикой (Painter). С векторной графикой работают программыAdobeIllustratorиMacromediaFreehand. Обе программы могут делать работу, отвечающую профессиональным стандартам. С помощью этих программ пользователи могут работать с текстом, объектами и слоями. Они поддерживают различные цветовые системы, такие какRGB,CMYK,Pantone,CIELAB, и др. А с недавнего времени эти программы поддерживают форматPDFиHTMLдля работы в Интернете.

Для обработки изображений в основном используется программы AdobePhotoshopиLivePicture.Photoshop- это программа обработки изображений на основе пикселей. Она редактирует каждый пиксель на экране всякий раз, когда в изображение вносится изменение. Важнейшие функции этой программы – ретуширование, коррекция цвета, цветоделение и преобразование изображений, которые позволяют пользователю создавать свои изображения из других.

4. Correct the jumbled sentences:

1. Since, printing, and, the early 1980s, publishing, has, technology, digital, been, evolving, for, production, methods.

2. In, computing, digital, bits, bytes, and, form, the, infrastructure, underlying, for memory, data storage, actual, and, computing.

3. The, becomes, bit, building, the, block, imaging, of, digital.

4. Scanners, images, analyze, to record, spot by spot, the, presence, or, data, of, absence.

5. The, creates, laser, spot, a, size, which, is, on, based, the, resolution, the, device, of.

4. Grammar reference. Study the table which helps to find the order of adjectives followed by the describing noun:

Definitions	Quality	Size, shape	Color	Material, purpose	Describing noun
a very a a quite a his	valuable useful new own	long oblong big	brown	gold leather tin software publishing	plate belt box programme company

4. Give your own examples to illustrate the rules above. Try to follow the main topic of the text.

Unit THREE

TEXT 1