- •О.В. Терехина
- •Предисловие
- •History of printing
- •Intaglio
- •Inkjet printing The principle of inkjet printing was discovered by Canon engineer Ichiro Endo in August 1977.
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Use the resulting expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •6. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •7. Match the term with the definition:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Complete the following sentences:
- •10. Grammar reference. Adverbs.
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own according to the topic using the adverbs.
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases below:
- •4. Use the resulting expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •6. Find the statement true or false:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •10. Study the following phrasal verbs with make. Match them with the definitions below. One of the verbs goes with two of the definitions.
- •11. What other phrasal verbs with make do you know? Write some sentences of your own using phrasal verbs with make.
- •Digital prepress
- •Input and Output Resolution
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •Basic principles of offset printing
- •Inking Units
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •5. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word or phrase from the box:
- •7. Find the sentences with the following prepositions in the text. Give some examples of your own using the prepositions under study:
- •8. Translate the following expressions from Russian into English. Use these expressions in the sentences of your own:
- •9. Transfer the sentences from passive voice into active:
- •10. Translate the sentences into English:
- •11. Complete the Quiz:
- •Offset printing technologies
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the definition with the term:
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •6. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •7. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •10. Study some examples of the phrasal verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own with phrasal verbs. Mind their meanings.
- •Gravure printing
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases and translate them:
- •4. Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •5. Match the term with the definition:
- •6. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •7. Complete the sentences:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Find in the text the sentences with relative clauses.
- •10. Look at the following sentences and decide whether they have got defining (d) or non-defining (n) relative clauses:
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own with the relative clauses.
- •Letterpress
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Agree or disagree with the following:
- •4. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •5. Translate the result expressions and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •6. Fill in the gaps with the expressions of the essential vocabulary:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •8. Combine the definition with the term:
- •9. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs:
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own using words with prefixes.
- •Flexography
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •4. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:
- •6. Translate from Russian into English:
- •7. Combine the verbs with the prepositions as they were used in the text (mind active or passive voice). Translate the expressions. Give your own examples with phrasal verbs.
- •8. Match the abbreviation with its meaning:
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •10. Match the term with the definition:
- •11. Complete the following sentences:
- •Screen printing
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •4. Use the result expressions in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Mark the statements as True or False:
- •6. Fill in the gaps:
- •7. Combine the term with the definition:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English in a written form:
- •9. Word building.
- •10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using the words from the table.
- •11. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •Basic principles of non-impact printing technologies
- •Essential vocabulary
- •4. Find the statement true or false:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Translate from Russian into English:
- •7. Language note. Compounds.
- •8. Write down 10 sentences of your own with compound words.
- •9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •Non-impact printing technologies
- •Ionography
- •Ink Jet
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the term with the definition:
- •4. Find the statement true or false:
- •5. Match the two halves of the phrases and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English:
- •8. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •9. Language note. Modals.
- •10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using modal verbs.
- •Print finishing processes
- •1. Cutting and die-cutting
- •2. Folding
- •3. Forwarding
- •4. Assembling into books
- •5. Blocks binding
- •6. Trimming
- •7. Edge treatments on books and brochures
- •8. Case making
- •9. Book finishing
- •10. Packaging
- •Essential vocabulary
- •Activities
- •1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Match the two halves of the phrases:
- •4. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •5. Match the definition with the term:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Translate from Russian into English in a written form:
- •8. Correct the jumbled sentences:
- •9. Language Note: Gradable Adjectives. Study the rules and find the examples of your own.
- •10. Guess the Quiz
- •11. Write down 10 sentences of your own using the words from the quiz.
- •Binding
- •Essential vocabulary
- •6. Translate in a written form:
- •7. Language note. Non-gradable adjectives.
- •8. Write down 10 sentences of your own with non-gradable adjectives. Follow the topic. Appendix
- •Texts for additional reading
- •Contents
6. Agree or disagree with the statements:
Gravure printing is a very old printing process.
Ink applied to the surface fills the relief printing elements of the gravure printing plate.
The minimum print run is approximately one thousand copies.
The cells on the printing cylinder can be produced by etching, electromechanical or laser engraving.
In gravure printing the ink must have a very low viscosity.
Doctor blade consists of a thin, wear-resistant steel strip that is bent slightly.
Rotogravure printing units consist of a plate cylinder, an impression cylinder and an inking system.
Gravure is used in packaging for low quality colour printing.
7. Complete the sentences:
Intaglio is the printing technology in which the non-printing areas are…
Gravure printing is principally used for…
The gravure printing ink must be…
The rotogravure printing press consists of the following units: …
The printing plate in gravure printing is created by means of ….
8. Translate from Russian into English:
В глубокой печати запечатываемый материал прижимают к углублениям в поверхности гравированного цилиндра. Первое название этого способа печати произошло от итальянского – инталия (intaglio), что означает “гравировка”. Глубокая печать в современном виде возникла приблизительно в 1860 году, в связи с развитием фотографии и растрирования полутоновых изображений.
Глубокая печать обрабатывает самый широкий спектр запечатываемых материалов. Eе применяют для изготовления разнообразных видов изделий, от журналов, газетных вкладок и каталогов, до скатертей, обоев, картонных коробок и гибкой упаковки.
Секция глубокой печати состоит из следующих основных элементов: гравированного цилиндра, красочного корыта, красочного ножа, или ракеля, и обрезиненного печатного цилиндра.
Прежде чем попасть в печатную секцию, запечатываемый материал обычно проходит через систему равнения края полотна, а затем через систему подготовки поверхности.
Затем запечатываемый материал поступает в печатную машину; формный цилиндр, частично погруженный в корыто с краской, вращаясь, захватывает краску в углубления. Чтобы краска не осталась на остальной поверхности, её снимает ракельный нож. Печатный цилиндр протягивает запечатываемый материал и прижимает его к формному цилиндру. При соприкосновении материала с выгравированными ячейками красочное изображение переходит на запечатываемый материал. После того, как одна краска оттиснулась, ленту пропускают через сушилку, для того чтобы закрепить оттиск. Процесс повторяется в соответствии с числом используемых красок. Обычно машины глубокой печати приспособлены для печати в восемь красок, но машины для печати на упаковке могут состоять из двенадцати и более секций.
9. Find in the text the sentences with relative clauses.
We use defining relative clauses to add essential information to a sentence.
We use these relative pronouns to introduce a defining relative clause:
|
|
To refer to people |
To refer to things |
|
Subject |
who, that |
which, that |
|
Object |
(who, that whom) |
(which, that) |
|
Possessive |
whose |
whose |
We can omit the relative pronoun when it is the object of the relative clause
We use non-defining relative clauses to add non-essential information to a sentence.
We use these relative pronouns to introduce a non-defining relative clause:
|
|
To refer to people |
To refer to things |
|
Subject |
who |
which |
|
Object |
who ,whom |
which |
|
Possessive |
whose |
whose |
We usually use commas to separate a non-defining relative clause from the rest of the sentences.
.