anglysky_dlya_gornykh_inzhenerov

Mining Schools

As is known young people who are in their last year at school are planning the next stage in the ir education. The var iety o f courses at universities and colleges is extensive but many young people don't have any clear idea about the career they wish to follow. Those who are primarily motivated by wealth tend to choose law, business administration, economics or accountancy. Those interested in fame may choose the arts, the stage, or the media.

Except perhaps in the countries with successful manufacturing industries such as Germany and Japan, where engineers tend to be held in higher regard, a career in engineering is not often recommended with any enthusiasm by school teachers, politicians, TV, newspapers or teenage magazines. Those influencing young peoph tend to be pop singers, TV actors and sports stars.

It is no wonder, therefore, that many engineering degree courses find it difficult to attract students, with the result that young graduate engineers in many fields are in short supply worldwide. Courses in mineral resource engineering — mining geology, rock mechanics, mining, quarrying, mineral processing, and petroleum engineering have special difficulties in recruitment.

However, this is only part of the story. After graduation and the award of a degree, there is a strong wish to abandon the subject matter of the course and enter a career offering more reward: commerce, banking, accountancy or stock bracking. This causes disappointment to the academy staff who wasted all the ir efforts to give useful practical knowledge to the students. There is one more barrier to recruitment into the mining industry where management trainees should spend several years of practical training underground or in the mill. Modern mining and processing machinery, computer controlled and high in output capacity, cannot and should not be operated by young management trainees: nowadays operators are often highly skilled and from the ir ranks should come the line supervisors. Management trainees, after a brief period to acquire general knowledge about the operation, would be better trained by acting as assistants to managers and consulting engineers, and ga in e xper ience in pla nning s ur veying a nd ventilation departments, all areas where knowledge learned at a mining school can be utilized to good advantage.

It should be noted that there are mineral engineering courses which must provide a wide and general tuition, covering not only

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mineral extraction and processing methods but also economics,

business administration, computer studies, communication skills and basic civil and mechanical engineering which are vital for im-

portant career development to senior ranks.

Выучите фразы, которые используются для выражения согласия или несогласия. Они,вам понадобятся при проведении дискуссии.

Agreement

Выскажите свое мнение по проблемам высшего образования, дав ответы на следующие вопросы. Используйте разговорные формулы, приведенные выше.

1.Is it easy to decide what career to choose in the last year at school? What helps make your choice?

2.There are different kinds of higher schools in our country and abroad. What kinds of schools do young people prefer to study in? Why?

3.It goes without saying that our higher school system could be

reorganized. How do you think it can be done? (To have highly educated and trained teachers' staff; to provide wide and general tu

ition, economics, business, administration, computer studies,

communication skills; to supply colleges and universities with modern technical equipment; to choose subjects to one's interests,

abilities; to get more practical work; to carry out research, etc.)

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4.Multistaged system of education is popular in many coun tries of the world. Is it popular in Russia? What appeals to you in this system?

5.The status of engineers in society is not high, is it? Why? What's your view on the state of education for the mineral indus try engineers?

6.Highly educated people do much for their country, don't they? What helps (to) make a person educated? Why do you think it is important that everyone should be educated?

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UNIT 3 Outstanding Russian Scientists in

Geology and Mining

А Грамматика 1 . Продолженные времена (Continuous Tenses) 2. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)

Текст А. А.М. Terpigorev (1873-1959)

Б. Грамматика. Числительные

Текст Б. А.Р. Karpinsky (1847-1936)

В Текст В

Конференция. Выдающиеся ученые в горном деле Кроссворд

(Crossword)

А

ГРАММАТИКА

1. Продол жен н ые времена ( Continuous Tenses)

Общая формула Present, Past и Future Continuous такова:

Обратите внимание на то, что спрягается только глагол to be (Present — am, is, are; Past — was, were; Future — shall/will/'ll be),

основной же глагол в ing-форме не изменяется. Времена этой группы выражают незаконченное действие или процесс, длящиеся в определенный момент в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем.

НАСТОЯ ЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖ ЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

(THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE)

Время Present Continuous употребляется для обозначения незаконченного действия, которое:

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а) происходит в момент речи или б) в настоящее время, хотя и не в момент речи или

в) с always для обозначения часто повторяющегося действия.

Это время очень характерно для разговорной речи и иногда обозначает действие, намеченное на будущее:

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

(THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENS E)

Прошедшее продолженное время употребляется для выражения незаконченного действия, начавшегося до определенного момента в прошлом и все еще продолжающегося в этот момент. Этот момент может быть выражен:

1) точным указанием времени: at five o'clock, yesterday, at that time, the whole day, all day long и др.

2) другим действием, выраженным глаголом в простом прошедшем времени:

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Без обозначения времени Past Continuous описывает развивающееся действие:

БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖ ЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

(THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE)

f

Это время обозначает продолженное действие в будущем. Время действия может быть указано, но эт о не обязательно.

Глаголы feel, hear, see (кроме значения «провожать»), look, seem, like, love, want, believe, know и некоторые другие не имеют форм

Continuous.

2. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)

Формы страдательного залога показывают, что лицо или пред - мет, обозначаемые сказуемым предложения, испытывают на себе

действие или являются объектом действия, но не производят его сами. (Ср. в русском языке: Книга напис ана совсем недавно. Дом

будет построен в конце года и т.д.)

Все времена активного залога, изученные вами ранее, имеют соответствующие формы страдательного залога:

В приведенных примерах сказуемое выражено глаголом: 1) в Past Indefinite Passive, 2) в Present Continuous Passive, 3) в Present Perfect Passive).

Временные формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и

причасти я про шед ш его времени смыслового глагола .

be + причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle)

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При спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be, смысловой же глагол во всех временных формах употребляется в форме причастия прошедшего времени. Ср.:

страдательном залоге: глагол быть (был, будет) и краткая форма страдательного причастия:

3. Неопределенно-личным предложением (подлежащее в пере воде отсутствует; сказуемое выражено глаголом в 3-м л. мн. числа действительного залога):

Если в предложении указано, кем (или чем ) произведено действие, то употребляется предложный оборот с предлогами by или with, которые переводятся: с, с помощью, посредством или дополнением в творительном падеже без предлога.'

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ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. а) Прочитайте вслух следующие слова:

[ае] — flat, 'manager, 'practical, me 'chanics, 'graduate, 'capital [e] — bed,'bedded,'measure, de'fend,'pressure,'deputy, dealt,

head

[a:] — all.'score, a'ward, 'order, born [i:] — 'even, seam, de'gree,'teacher [a:] — hard, pass, class, draft, charge [u:] — choose, soon, too, food

б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:

academician [3,kaed3'miJ(3)n], diploma [dip'louma], elementary [xCli'mentan], senior ['si:nja], honour ['эпэ], deputy ['depjuti]

2. Прочитайте следующие слова и сочетания слов 1-2 раза про себя, затем вслух и постарайтесь запомнить их.

to defend graduation paper (thesis) защищать дипломную работу (диссертацию) to pass an entrance examination сдать вступительный экзамен

to get a high er education получить высшее образование

to do one's best (one's utmost, all one can, everything in one's power) сделать все возможное, не жалеть сил to make contribution (to) вносить

вклад в (науку, технику и т.д.)

3.а) Переведите прилагательные, образованные с помощью суффиксов -ful

и-less:

useful, successful, powerful, harmful; useless, powerless, harmless, sleepless

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б) Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от выделенных существительных:

1.Power stations are equipped with ...machines.

2.A.M. Terpigorev's investigations in mine safety were a success. He

worked out a series of safety measures in gassy collieries. His ... research greatly improved the working conditions in mines.

3. The extensive use of scientific and technological achievements makes it possible to develop all branches of production. The scientists are working out new methods of mining... minerals.

4. Fire damp does much harm to the health of miners. It is the most

... of all the gases in the mine air.

соответствующих слов в русском языке:

mining mechanics; descriptive courses; elementary practical training; the best lecturer; lectures on historical geology; a particular interest; an interesting subject; a first-class diploma; the department of Mining Transport; as a result; gassy collieries; the problem of fire damp; the state of mechanization; mining machinery; methods of coal gasification

6. Прочитайте текст А и скажите, разработке каких научных проблем A.M. Терпнгорев уделял особое внимание:

ТЕКСТ А А.М. Terpigorev

(1873-1959)

Academician A.M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining engineer who successfully combined his practical experience with scientific research. He was bom in 1873 in Tambov. In 1892 he finished school with honours 1 and decided to get a higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg, passed all the entrance examinations successfully and became a student of the Mining Institute.

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At the Institute he studied the full range of subjects2 relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics.

At that time students' specialization was based on3 descriptive courses and elementary practical training. One of the best lecturers was A. P. Karpinsky. His lectures on historical geology were very popular.

During his practical training Terpigorev visited mines and saw that the miners' work was very difficult. While he was working in the Donbas he collected material for his graduation paper which he soon defended. The Mining of flat seams in the Donbas was carefully studied and described in it.

In 1897 Terpigorev graduated from the Institute with a first -class diploma of a mining engineer.

His first job as a mining engineer was at the Sulin mines where he worked for more than three years first as Assistant Manager and later as Manager.

From 1900 till 1922 Terpigorev worked at the Yekaterinoslav Mining Institute (now the Mining Institute in Dnepropetrovsk).

In 1922 he accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy and moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed the chairs5 of Mining Transport and Mining of Bedded Deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute.

Academician Terpigorev took a particular interest in mine safety. As a result of his investigations a series of safety measures in gassy collieries was worked out. For some time he was working on the problem of fire damp, the most harmful and dangerous of all the gases in mines.

His two-volume work Coal Mining and Mine Transport Facilities is a full description of the state of mechanization and the economy of the Donbas. His other works are about mining transport facilities, mecha - nization of coal mining and mining machinery. He is one of the pioneers in scientific methods of coal gasification.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1finished school with honours — окончил школу с отличием

2full ran ge of subjects — широкий диапазон дисциплин

3was based on — базировалась

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

7. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1. After school Terpigorev decided to work in a mine.

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