1.4. (5 X 2 points) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the Infinitive. Write your answers in the boxes.

James Smith decided to (1) … his book to his friend. (to dedicate)

Some important decisions must (2) … soon. (to make)

Let me (3) … my point of view. (to defend)

Some changes had (4) … . (to make)

He wanted (5) … some changes in the project. (to make)

1	2	3	4	5

1.5. (6 X 2 points) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the Infinitive or Gerund. Write your answers (a, b, c or d) in the boxes.

1. It’s good … work for the day.

a: to finish

b: to have finished

c: to be finished

d: finishing

2. She admits … the same mistakes in her previous paper.

a: to make

b: to have made

c: to be made

d: making

3. If you have time, you should go to the museum. It is worth … .

a: visiting

b: to visit

c: to be visited

d: to have visited

4. My watch keeps … .

a: stopping

b: to stop

c: to be stopped

d: to have stopped

5. Would you mind … me ten pence? I want to make a phone call.

a: lend

b: lending

c: to be lended

d: to have lent

6. I suggest … the hospitals before asking the police to look for him.

a: telephone

b: to be telephoned

c: telephoning

d: to telephone

1	2	3	4	5	6

1.6. (3 X 1 points) Match word sets with the associated categories. Write your answers (a – c) in the boxes.

1: living-room 2: office 3: furniture 4: business machines

a: lap-top, file cabinet, photocopier b: wall-unit, stool, desk, bureau c: carpet, arm-chair, table, TV-set

1	2	3	4

Раздел 2. Английский для академических целей

2.1. (5X3 points) The following passage describes the transition from the swing era to bebop in the history of jazz music.

Jazz, from its early roots in slave spirituals and the marching bands of New Orleans, had developed into the predominant American musical style by the 1930s. In this era, jazz musicians played a lush, orchestrated style known as swing. Played in large ensembles, also called big bands, swing filled the dance halls and nightclubs. Jazz, once considered risqué, was made more accessible to the masses with the vibrant, swinging sounds of these big bands. Then came bebop. In the mid-1940s, jazz musicians strayed from the swing style and developed a more improvisational method of playing known as bebop. Jazz was transformed from popular music to an elite art form.

The soloists in the big bands improvised from the melody. The young musicians who ushered in bebop, notably trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and saxophonist Charlie Parker, expanded on the improvisational elements of the big bands. They played with advanced harmonies, changed chord structures, and made chord substitutions. These young musicians got their starts with the leading big bands of the day, but dur­ing World War II—as older musicians were drafted and dance halls made cutbacks—they started to play together in smaller groups.

These pared-down bands helped foster the bebop style. Rhythm is the distinguishing feature of bebop, and in small groups the drums became more prominent. Setting a driving beat, the drummer inter­acted with the bass, piano, and the soloists, and together the musicians created fast, complex melodies. Jazz aficionados flocked to such clubs as Minton’s Playhouse in Harlem to soak in the new style. For the young musicians and their fans this was a thrilling turning point in jazz history. However, for the majority of Americans, who just wanted some swing­ing music to dance to, the advent of bebop was the end of jazz as main­stream music.

1. The swing style can be most accurately characterized as

a. complex and inaccessible.

b. appealing to an elite audience.

c. lively and melodic.

d. lacking in improvisation.

e. played in small groups.

2. According to the passage, in the 1940s you would most likely find bebop being played where?

a. church

b. a large concert hall

c. in music schools

d. small clubs

e. parades

3. According to the passage, one of the most significant innovations of the bebop musicians was

a. to shun older musicians.

b. to emphasize rhythm.

c. to use melodic improvisation.

d. to play in small clubs.

e. to ban dancing.

4. In the context of this passage, aficionados can most accurately be described as

a. fans of bebop.

b. residents of Harlem.

c. innovative musicians.

d. awkward dancers.

e. fickle audience members.

5. The main purpose of the passage is to

a. mourn the passing of an era.

b. condemn bebop for making jazz inaccessible.

c. explain the development of the bebop style.

d. celebrate the end of the conventional swing style of jazz.

e. instruct in the method of playing bebop.