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ɉɟɪɟ ɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
•Ɍɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɡ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɭ ɢɡ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ
¾ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɟɪɟ ɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ:
•ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ?
•Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ (ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ)?
•Ʉɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ?
ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɨɫɚ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ (ɧɚɭɤɢ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ)
•ɇɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ – ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
¾Ⱦɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
¾ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɟɣ
•Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɜɥɟɱɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɋɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ |
ɋɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ |
ɇɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ |
Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ |
|
ɛɟɡɨɬɪɵɜɧɨɟ |
ɨɬɪɵɜɧɨɟ |
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɟ |
||
|
Re=10 |
Re=25 Re=140 |
Re=104 |
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ
Ʉɨɝɞ ɩɪɨɢɫ ɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟ ɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɱɢɫɥɚ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ RE=UL/ , ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ (ɥ ɦ ɧ ɧɨɟ ɞɜ ɠɟɧ ɟ) ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɭ ɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɦ
•Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɟɥ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɟɬ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ?
•ɑɢɫɥɨ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ (ɤɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɢ) ɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ.
•Ʉɨɧɜɟɤɰɢɹ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜɹɡɤɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ – ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ.
¾Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɐɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ (ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ REɤɪ)
ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ |
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ |
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɦɭ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɇɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ «ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ» ɱɢɫɥɚ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
•Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤ)
•ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤ)
ɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ
ɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɋɰɟɧ ɪɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɭɪɛɭɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɢ
ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɋɰɟɧ ɪɢɢ ɩɟɪɟ ɨɞ ɜ ɩɨɝɪ ɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ
• ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ (natural transition)
Oɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ (~0.1%)
Oɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
¾ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɥɧ Ɍɨɥɥɦɢɧɚ-ɒɥɢɯɬɢɧɝɚ
Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
¾Ɋɨɫɬ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
¾ɚɨɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ (ɬɭɪɛɭɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ) ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
Ɇɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ (ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ «ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɦ» ɫɦɵɫɥɟ)
¾ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɨɟ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
•ɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
Oɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ (>1%)
Oɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
Oɑɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɣɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ (bypass transition), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ («ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ» - bypass) ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ Ɍɨɥɥɦɢɧɚ-ɒɥɢɯɬɢɧɝɚ
•Ɉɬɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ (separated-flow transition, bubble transition)
Oɇɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɬɪɵɜɭ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ
•ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ
•ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ Ɋɟɣɧɨɥɶɞɫɚ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
•ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ – ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
•Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ (ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ, ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ) ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɬ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
•Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ,
ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ