- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни
- •Part I unit 1
- •1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: what is accounting?
- •3. Give Russian or Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: general definition of accounting
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Say if the following statements are true or false:
- •6. Substitute the words given in a bold type for their synonyms:
- •1.Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •3. Give equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •2. Read and translate the text: foundations of accounting
- •3.Answer the questions:
- •1.Memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: accounting
- •3.Answer the questions. Start you answer with one of the phrases: It is clear from the text…, As far as I understand…, The author says…:
- •2. Read and translate the text: double-entry accounting system
- •3.Answer the following questions:
- •4.Find in the text the words with opposite meaning:
- •5.Fill in the pair conjunctions both...And, either...Or, neither...Nor :
- •1.Memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •2.Read and translate the text: accounting standards
- •3.Give equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: the account
- •3.Answer the following questions:
- •4.Say if the following is true or false. Use the phrases: I have no doubt that...; I greatly doubt that...; It is a common knowledge that...:
- •5.Fill in the gaps with the words: Account/s, accounting, accountant, accountancy
- •1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: business documents
- •3.Make up questions to which the following are the answers:
- •4.Complete the following statements:
- •5.Match the terms and their definitions:
- •1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: types of account
- •3.Answer the questions:
- •4.Complete the following statements:
- •5.Match the terms and their definitions:
- •Unit 10
- •1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: types of account
- •4.Complete the following statements:
- •Unit 11
- •1. Memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text: auditing
- •3.Answer the questions:
- •4.Fill in blanks with missing words: Audit auditor/s auditing
- •5.Agree or disagree with the following, use the phrases: Absolutely, Perhaps, you are right…, Probably not…, That’s not exactly so…:
- •Unit 12
- •Auditing standards
- •2.Answer the questions:
- •3.Complete the following statements:
- •4.Fill in the missing prepositions: of (5), by, from, out
- •Unit 13
- •1. Memorize the following words and word-combinations:
- •2.Read and translate the text: types of audit
- •3.Speak about: Types of audit;
- •1. Read and translate the text: special terms
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •1.Read and translate the text: bookkeeping
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •1. Read and translate the text: the double-entry framework
- •2.Answer the questions:
- •Accounting data processing methods
- •2.Answer the questions:
- •1.Read and translate the text: ethical behaviour of accountants
- •2.Answer the questions:
- •Balance sheet
- •2.Complete the following statements:
- •The journals
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text 10
- •The ledgers
- •2.Complete the following statements:
- •Text 11
- •Key components of financial statements
- •2.Answer the questions :
- •Text 12
- •Auditing and accounts
- •2.Answer the questions:
- •Text 13
- •1. Read and translate the text: special terms
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Text 14 standards of auditing
- •1.Read and translate the text:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Text 15
- •General standards
- •3.Speak about:
- •Literature
- •Методичні вказівки
3.Answer the questions:
What elements does accounting contain?
What does human aspect arise from?
What is accounting concerned with?
Why do we think that knowledge of the past is relevant?
What is the measurement of the past results?
Say whether the following is true or false. Use the phrases: Yes, it is true/it is so, I don’t think it is true.
Accounting contains elements of art.
Accounting does not contain elements of science.
Accounting reports are prepared in order to help people make decisions.
Accounting reports are based on technical information.
An accounting is concerned with technical information.
Measurement of past results is a subsidiary role.
Knowledge of the past is relevant.
Fill in the blanks with prepositions:
Accounting is a set _______ processes depending _______ people.
Accounting reports _______ any significance depend ____ people’s estimates.
Accounting reports are based _______ activities carries _______ _______ people.
Accounting is concerned ______ the provision _______ information.
Accounting is needed ______ any society.
UNIT 4
1.Memorize the following words and word combinations:
to own - владеть, володіти
asset - актив, актив
asset accounts - счет активов, рахунок активів
fixtures - встроенное оборудование, вбудоване обладнання
claims - требования, претензии; вимоги, претензії
to owe - задолжать, быть должным, заборгувати, бути в боргу
stock - запас, запас, фонд, оборотний капітал
debts - долги, борги
liability - обязательства, грошові забов’язання, заборгованість
tax - налог, податок, оподаткування
to designate - устанавливать, обозначать, установлювати,
позначати
owner’s equity - уставной капитал, (акціонерний) капітал (компанії)
account - счет, бухгалтерський рахунок бухгалтерського обліку
income - доход, прибуток, дохід
expenses - расходы, затраты, витрати
ledger - главная книга, гросбух, головна книга
net worth - чистая прибыль, чистий прибуток, зиск
posting - проводка, бухгалтерське проведення, рознесення в
рахунки, занесення в бухгалтерську книгу
cash receipts - денежные поступления, грошові надходження, дохід
cash disbursement - выплата, виплата
2. Read and translate the text: accounting
Anything of value that a business or organization owns is commonly known as an asset. Asset accounts include cash, which is the money on hand or in the bank, furniture and fixtures, accounts receivable, the claims against customers that owe money, stock or inventory, office supplies, and many others that show what the organization owns.
Debts owed to creditors are known as liabilities. If money is owed to an organization or person for things or services purchased on credit, this liability is called an account payable. Other liabilities include wages or salaries that are owed to employees, or taxes that have not yet been paid.
The value of the business to the owner or owners is known as capital. Other terms used to designate capital are proprietorship, owners’ equity (usually abbreviated OE), ownership, or net worth.
A separate account is kept for each asset, liability, and capital item so that information can be recorded for each of them. Accounts are also maintained for income and for expenses, and like assets, liabilities, or capital, these accounts are also entered in the ledger, which is a detailed listing of all the accounts of an organization. Entries from all the journals are transferred to the ledger at regular intervals. This process — called posting — is usually done monthly.
Journals, or books of original entry, are designed to record information about different transactions, including sales, purchases, cash receipts, cash disbursements, and many others. Journals have two or more columns to record increases or decreases in the accounts affected by the transaction, and they often have space for a date and an explanation of the transaction.