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g.We heard them argue/ arguing all Saturday.

h.Are you cooking? I can smell something burn/ burning.

Ex.71. Translate into English using participial constructions.

1. Так как оставалось ещё полчаса до встречи с агентом по продаже недвижимости, мы решили перекусить в японском ресторанчике. 2. Я увидел, что Жанна наблюдает за мной и улыбается сама себе. 3. Так как в помещении было душно, дети спали на открытом воздухе. 4. Поскольку другого выхода не было, совет директоров компании принял предложение конкурентов. 5. Поскольку условия были приемлемыми, мы решили оформить сделку на месте. 6. Она видела, как старые журналы и альбомы уносили на чердак. 7. Поскольку расследование выявило новые детали происшествия, адвокату пришлось вернуться в город. 8. Я слышал, как он медленно поднимался по лестнице, как будто нёс что-то тяжёлое. 9. Капитан наблюдал, как разгружали товары. 10. Мы видели, как консервы тщательно упаковывали в ящики.

Participle II

Participle II is a non-finite form of the verb which possesses verbal and adjectival features and denotes a state or a result of some action or an action itself. It stands apart from the other non-finites in that it does not have their morphological categories. Nevertheless, being a verb form, it possesses the potential verbal meanings of voice, aspect and perfect. These meanings depend upon the meaning of the verb Participle II is formed from and are realized in the context.

The verbal character of Participle II is manifested in its combinability. Thus Participle II of transitive verbs combines with a by-object denoting the doer of the action: Antonia was walking along the aisle accompanied by her admirer. Participles II of phrasal verbs retain their composite structure: an orphan brought up in a clergyman’s family. Participle II may be accompanied by an adverbial modifier expressed by adverbs or phrases combining with verbs: the road repaired two years before, the squirrel hidden in the bush, a scandal long forgotten. One of the main verbal features of Participle II is revealed in its functioning as part of the compound verb forms of the passive voice and the perfect.

The adjectival nature of Participle II manifests itself in its function in the sentence, which is usually that of either attribute or predicative. Instead of the negation not, Participle II is often negated with the prefix un-: untouched, unfinished.

The adjectival nature of Participle II is traced in adjectivized participles with a form different from the verbal Participle II. These forms occur as attributes in such phrases as on bended knees, a drunken man, a lighted candle,

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torch, match), molten lava (lead, steel), roast meat, a rotten apple, a shaven head, a well-shaven man, sodden clothes, sunken eyes; to be panic-stricken, povertystricken (but thunder-struck, theatre-struck).

Note the sentences in which Participle II has the passive meaning:

Portuguese is one of the languages taught at our college (denoting an action); The date is fixed (denoting a state, which is the result of an action); She felt relaxed (denoting a pure state).

Syntactic functions of Participle II

Participle II as attribute (may function either as premodifier or postmodifier):

Celina kicked aside the clothes scattered on the floor, making one big pile, and took the washtub with the rinsed linen; Things seen are mightier than things heard; He entered the abandoned house.

When Participle II or a participle phrase is detached, its position in the sentence is not fixed. Detached attributes are separated from the noun by a coma in writing and by a pause in speech:

Impressed by the news, I went out to make a call; The new Scottish Parliament, designed by the Catalan architect, looks like a series of upturned boats; And people hurried by, hidden under their dreadful umbrellas;

Participle II as predicative:

The customer looked perplexed and troubled; The investigator was puzzled by the clues (in this function Participle II denotes a state). Occasionally we come across Participle II with an active meaning: Everybody is gone;

Participle II as adverbial modifier (used in place of clauses with a passive meaning if the main and subordinate clauses have the same subject):

Halted at a police road block, we could hear two feuding gangs firing shots ahead of us (of time); Weakened by his long stay in space the space tourist will have difficulty walking (of reason); He watched her movements as if hypnotized (of manner); Jill will speak for hours, unless interrupted; If picked green peaches won’t ripen (of condition).

Predicative constructions with Participle II The Objective Participial Construction

This construction consists of a noun in the common case or a personal pronoun in the objective case and Participle II forming a syntactical complex – Complex Object. The objective participial construction is used with verbs of causative meaning, with verbs of physical perception, with verbs of wish:

You must get your tickets registered; I won’t have my name dragged through the dirt by the press; Have you ever heard their dean’s name mentioned before? I want the invitation sent at once; I’d like my car serviced, please.

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The construction have/get something done is generally used when we want to say that somebody arranges for something to be done (he/she employs, pays, asks, persuades another person to do something): I’m going to have my hair dyed; Laura got her watch mended. However, there are some more usages to be considered:

The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction with Participle II

This construction consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case and Participle II which form a syntactical complex, the nominal element and Participle II being in subject-predicate relation:

The preparation completed, we started off; We began to talk, but my attention distracted by the surroundings, I took small notice of him.

Prepositional Absolute Construction with Participle II

It is introduced by the preposition with and its nominal element is hardly ever presented by a pronoun; it is more closely related to the predicate verb and is seldom set off by a comma: It is unhealthy to sleep with the windows shut (adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances); He can’t walk with his leg broken (adverbial modifier of reason).

Ex.72. I. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model.

Model: The new job, which has been offered to me lately, seems to be very demanding. - The new job offered to me lately seems to be very demanding.

1. The coat, which we bought last year, is too small for me now. 2. These are only a few of the attempts which were made to improve the situation. 3. The things that are left behind by passengers are usually taken to the Lost Property Office. 4. Here is the memo I received yesterday. 5. It was not easy to find the file which I had deleted. 6. The castle, which was built many years ago, still

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looks magnificent. 7. Name some places abroad you have visited so far. 8. The answer, which had been so long expected, came at last.

II. In place of clauses of time, manner and condition use Participle II preceded by conjunction.

1. Bobby shook his head as though he was dazzled by his own vision. 2. Silver tarnishes and turns black if it is not polished regularly. 3. If they were implemented the new reforms could cost the taxpayer and the economy bills. 4. When it was first brought to Europe, the tomato was thought to be poisonous. 5. A stylish event is more likely to attract global coverage if it is held in London than anywhere else. 6. Many rules, although they are introduced with the best of intentions, frequently have the opposite effect. 7. If the bird is disturbed, it may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.

Ex.73. Complete the sentences with Participle II + conjunction.

1. Wounds heal more quickly … 2. Milk quickly turns sour … 3. The CEO was strikingly tongue-tied (when) … 4. …, Max used to feel left out. 5. His childhood, … , had been a happy one. 6. “How can you possibly say so?” exclaimed Melanie, … . 7. … , the house was not comfortable to live in. 8. (When) …, the new employee cleared his throat nervously.

Ex.74. Read about each situation and write sentences with have something done.

Model: Melanie is paying the man who has repaired her bicycle.→ Melanie has had her bicycle repaired.

1.David went to the hospital. A nurse bandaged his arm.

2.Daniel is going to the dentist. He's going to fill his tooth.

3.Laura is walking around town while her photos are being developed.

II. The jobs are all done now. Complete the questions using get.

Model: Mike: Where did you get your bicycle repaired, Melanie?

Ex.75. Change the phrases or sentences in italics using have or get + object + Participle II.

Model: There's a photographer over there. Why don't we ask her to take our picture? → Why don't we have/get our picture taken?

1. I’ve finally decided to arrange for someone to pierce my nose. 2. There’s a leak in the roof. We should arrange for someone to repair it. 3. What time is it? I’m afraid they haven’t repaired my watch yet. 4. Someone is going to redecorate the kitchen for us next month. 5. If I were you, I’d ask someone to

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fell that tree. It shuts out all the light. 6. Simon’s face was badly burnt in the explosion and he had to undergo plastic surgery. 7. The dentist hasn’t checked my teeth this year. 8. The baby was crying because someone was washing her hair. 9. He looks much younger. I think someone’s dyed his hair. 10. I don’t know if I’ve passed the course because the tutors haven’t marked all my work yet. 11. That wasps’ nest is dangerous. You must ask someone to remove it. 12. Jake’s car was badly damaged in the crash. 13. Sarah’s kidney was removed after the accident.

Ex.76. Act out the following dialogue. Write first the appropriate forms to show that either the action has been done by the doer himself, or the doer has caused it to be done by someone else, or he has undergone or suffered something in an accident.

Luke: John (have/ break/ his left arm) when his car hit another one yesterday. Mary: (he/ have/ bandage/ it) yet?

Luke: Yes, the doctor (have/ see/ he) and (have/ set/ the arm) himself. Mary: Good. And (John/ have/ X-ray/ it) yet?

Luke: No, but the doctor (have/ make/ an appointment) with the X-ray Department at the hospital for him. John (be going to have/ do/ it) this afternoon. Mary: (he/ have/ hurt/ himself) anywhere else?

Luke: No, he was lucky. The man in the other car (have/ break/ both legs) by the crash.

Mary: Oh, dear. That’s bad. How did the accident happen?

Luke: The brakes of the other car weren’t good, but the driver (not have/ repair/ they).

Mary: (you/ have/ see/ John) today? Luke: Yes, I (have/ see/ he) twice.

Ex.77. Jane and Naomi are models. Jane does everything herself but Naomi is lazy and has everything done for her. Write down their conversation (the possible beginning is given).

Jane: Do you know how I usually relax? I enjoy doing my own make-up, polishing my nails and sometimes dyeing my hair, don’t you?

Naomi: Oh, no. I have my hair and my make-up done at the beauty salon. Last week I had my hair dyed by a very good hairdresser. …

Ex.78. Translate into English.

1. Я собираюсь сходить на маникюр завтра. 2. Я ещё не просмотрел все журналы, присланные нам из Оксфорда. 3. Он должен каждые полгода ходить в поликлинику проверять зрение. 4. После того несчастного случая им пришлось чинить машину. Машина находилась в автосервисе целый

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месяц. 5. Он был полон решимости заставить уважать себя. 6. Я знал, что могу ему помочь, только если буду держать язык за зубами. 7. Постояльцам доставили фрукты и шампанское в номер. 8. Товары, осмотренные на таможне, были отвезены на склад. 9. Все эти годы я хранил их письма под замком. 10. Я не фотогеничен и потому не люблю фотографироваться. 11. До прохождения техосмотра нужно сменить покрышки, зарядить аккумулятор, залить бак. 12. Я знаю, что когда у меня плохое настроение, мне необходимо купить новую вещь или сделать причёску.13. Нам придётся почистить дорожки в саду: их так занесло снегом, что нельзя пройти к дому.

Supplementary exercises (all verbals) Ex.79. Open the brackets using the correct non-finite.

The best way (explore) China is by land. (Travel) round China involves (cover) great distances as the country is enormous. As a result, some tourists would rather (fly), as it is quicker and they consider (sit) on a bus or train a waste of time. For those who don’t mind (take) a bit longer, there is so much (see) which is not visible from a plane. From a bus you can (see) people (work) in the rice fields. You can even spend some time (learn) a few Chinese phrases. Few can resist (taste) a local delicacy – bird’s nest soup, though you may have difficulty (acquire) a taste for one-hundred-year-old eggs!

Ex.80. Complete this conversation between two colleagues about a competitor. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Alan: Any news of Mounts? Are they managing (take) much business from us? Tim: I’d say around here we’re still doing OK. Customers tend (come) to us first. But we’ve ended up (lose) customers in Scotland because that’s always been their area.

Alan: So, should we spend a lot of time (try) to win back that business?

Tim: I’d say not, no. We decided (focus) on other areas for now so that we can concentrate on (build) our business round here. We can’t afford (ignore) the local area.

Alan: I guess Mounts have considered (move) into our area here, though. Are they still relying on (be) the cheapest?

Tim: Yeah. If they do target this area, I expect (get) a lot of calls from customers about prices. It’s a worry – I don’t mind (tell) you.

Alan: Well, we’ll just have to keep (offer) a better service.

Ex.81. Complete the comments some people made about their careers using the correct form of the verbs in italics. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1. I try be focused about my career, but I’m so busy. Like on an average day, I never have time to stop think, ‘What am I learning? Where am I going?’

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2.The bet career advice I ever read was to stop be a job seeker and start think of yourself as an investment. I did and it’s beginning work.

3.I remember meet my boss for the first time. I said, ‘How can I get your job?’ But I respect her and I like think that she respects me, too.

4.I really don’t bother try to impress my assistant any more. I tried buy him lunch and stuff when I got here, but I think he’s jealous of me.

5.I like my job and I like go into work every day. I’m probably a bit of a workaholic. Sometimes I forget have lunch. I have to remember make time for myself.

6.I intend change jobs every two or three years till I have lots of contacts. My aim is to start run my own business. I can’t stand work for a boss.

Ex.82. I. Find and correct 7 mistakes in each of these emails.

Dear Mr Williams,

I heard you to speak at the IAD event last July.

I don’t know if you remember to meet me at the IAD event. Ienjoyed meeting you and to hear you talk on internet marketing. (I hope you didn’t notice me to leave

early. I had to catch a plane.) I would like to invite you to speak at our company conference next month (6th-8th). We can arrange scheduling your talk at a time that is convenient for you. We can also offer to pay your expenses and a fee of $ 600. If you agree to attend, would you mind tosend me a title bynext Friday?

I look forward to hear from you and hope to see you soon. Yours sincerely,

Katie de Lang

Dear Kate,

Good to hear from you. Of course I remember – in fact I keep meaning to get in touch. And I didn’t mind you leaving early – I saw you to look at your watch all the time in the last 15 minutes!

Thank for invite me to speak at your conference. I would love coming – any day is fine. I can easily spend a day or two to look around the city. I feel like taking a few days off actually, as I’ve just finished to write my book on relationship marketing.

Just let me to know where I’m staying and I’ll see you next month. John

P.S. Don’t forget sending your phone number.

II. Write an email inviting a student from another educational institution to give a talk in your university.

Ex.83. Make up sentences using the words in brackets. Start your sentences with there is/ there are.

Model: There were so many shoppers waiting in the line, two or three hundred, I should think.

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There is a lorry parked across the road.

1.The cafe is still full. (people/ sit/ on the terrace)

2.The garden was picturesque. (a small stream/ run/ at the bottom of the garden)

3.You could buy some junk food. (street vendors/ sell/ hot peanuts, popcorn and cold drinks)

4.The storm was violent. (cars/ overturn and trees/ uproot)

5.The earthquake was disastrous. (hundreds of people/ kill/ injure; a lot of houses/ completely destroy)

6.Riot police were called to the scene. (rioters/ block the road; shop windows smash)

7.Would anyone like to visit the caves? (tourists/ wish/ to visit the caves)

8.We failed to see a football match. (too many people/ try to get/ into the football stadium)

Ex.84. Rewrite the sentences using participial phrases or gerunds.

Model: I was exhausted through lack of sleep and fell asleep at my desk. –

Exhausted through lack of sleep, I fell asleep at my desk.

1. Since I was promoted, I’ve had no time to go out. 2. After he was released from prison, Andy could not find a job anywhere. 3. He was frequently criticized for his self-centered attitude but was nonetheless very popular. 4. When he was caught, he confessed everything. (On…) 5. If we are elected, we will increase the value of pensions. 6. Jennifer had been shoplifting for many years before she was found out. 7. Unless it is destroyed, this material could have damaging consequences. 8. Although he was ridiculed by everybody, he continued to pursue his bizarre projects. 9. When it is seen from the outside, the building looks a mess, but it is lovely inside.

Ex.85. Make up sentences with the following combinations (use participles

Ex.86. Make up collocations using adjectival participles. Explain the meaning of the collocations.

Model: principle/ guide → a guiding principle (an idea that influences you greatly when you consider a matter or take a decision)

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scientist/ distinguish → a distinguished scientist (a person who is highly respected for his or her achievements in science)

Ex.87. Here are some verbs commonly used in the pattern get/have something done. Do you know what they mean?

Ex.88. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the usage of verbals.

1. Hearing the sounds of music, we stopped talking. 2. The chairman regretted the foreign delegates’ arriving too late to participate in the discussion. 3. Lamont bowed to him when introduced. 4. By bringing European countries together the common market contributes to their individual progress in social spheres. 5. Having been shown the wrong direction, the hikers soon lost their way. 6. His insisting on our revising the terms of payment and delivery was not unexpected. 7. Being off sick, she could not settle the matter. 8. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 9. Flushed and excited, Tommy came running to his mother. 10. The room facing the garden is much cozier than this one. 11. Running into the road, the young man caught a taxi. 12. The rush hour in Tokyo – it’s something to be seen to be believed. 13. The perspective of underdeveloped nations forming an economic alliance is unbelievable.

Test № 1

I.Use the correct form of the infinitive:

1.It was a real pleasure (swim) in the sea on such a hot day.

2.Nick is upset. He’s sure he could (write) the composition much better.

3.She noticed a car (stop) outside the house.

4.There appears (be) a mistake over the numbers.

5.They appear (keep) the details of the investigation a secret for the time being.

6.Life turned out (be) stranger than fiction.

7.I believed her (knit) in the next room.

8.He reported the cabin crew (attack) by the drunken passenger.

9.Sue made the child (obey) her.

10.David happened (witness) the incident.

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II. Correct the errors:

1.The bag is too heavy to carry it.

2.She’s lazy enough to be a good worker.

3.Bob is too rich to pay alimony to his ex-wife.

4.I won’t have you to speak like that!

5.The expedition is reported to land safely.

6.I won’t allow him be sent there.

7.I was made conclude that agreement.

8.I happened to be driving that kind of car before.

III. Translate into English using the Infinitive constructions where possible (state which of them you have used):

1.Коммерческий директор очень хотел, чтобы мы взяли на себя обязательство ускорить поставку товара.

2.Я видел, что он не в курсе происходящего.

3.Говорят, что он ищет новую работу.

4.Ему необязательно читать всю книгу (no need).

5.Он, по-видимому, приехал вчера.

6.Оказалось, что она с утра убирается в доме.

7.Перегородка была слишком высокой, поэтому ничего не было видно.

8.Ты можешь мне доверять, ведь мы друзья!

9.Наверняка она вам ничего не подарит.

10.Сообщается, что результаты эксперимента уже опубликованы.

11.Я слышал, ваша дочь собирается замуж?

12.Стивен почувствовал, что было неразумно продолжать разговор на ту же тему.

13.Маловероятно, что банки сохранят свои нынешние процентные ставки.

14.Скрепя сердце Джейн позволила ему продать все акции.

Test № 2

I.Complete the sentences with the correct preposition and the gerund.

1.Don’t try and discourage me …. (do) what I want to do.

2.I’d like to enquire … (enroll) on one of evening courses.

3.Lillian seems very excited … (start) that new job.

4.The estate agent warned them … (buy) that bungalow.

5.The government is opposed … (spend) more money on public transport.

6.I’ve never approved … young people (stay out) late.

7.She lives on her own but she relies … the neighbours (help) her.

8.We’re all in agreement … (cut) our costs.

9.Stop talking and get on … (write) your essays.

10.I was ignorant … (he/be) abroad.

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11.Is there a chance … (catch) the train?

12.The professor was displeased … (students/be) noisy.

13.She had no difficulty … (get) the tickets.

14.Have you objections … (sign) this agreement?

II. Underline the word or phrase that is correct.

1. I’m sorry hearing/to hear that they have fired him for no reason at all. 2. On the first day, the headmaster advised us all working/to work very hard. In fact, he recommended studying/to study for at least four hours every evening. 3. What do you mean to do/doing about the leaky pipes? 4. After I stretched my legs I found that my back stopped to ache/aching. 5. I never imagined the mountains to be/being so high! 6. Margaret was slow at school, but she went on to be/being Prime Minister. 7. Don’t forget to wake me/waking me before you leave. 8. Have you ever considered to buy/buying a microwave oven? 9. I regret to inform/informing you that the consignment is not ready for shipment. 10. I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt/hurting your feelings. 11. Tom stopped picking up/to pick up his washing on the way home. 12. Then, in her letter, she goes on to say/saying that most of her family have been ill. 13. I remember to put/putting the money in the top drawer, but it’s not there now. 14. I tried taking/to take the medicine that you gave me but I couldn’t swallow it.

III. Open the brackets using the correct non-finite.

I’ve been trying (get) fit for years but it has been impossible (find) a method that has not ended in disaster. Two years ago I started (go) to karate classes. On the second day I overdid it and broke my arm. When I had recovered from that, I took up (swim). At first I really enjoyed (race) my friend up and down the pool. But I regret (say) that it wasn’t long before I slipped over on the pool side and cracked my head on the tiles. I needed (go) to hospital to make my head stop (bleed). A few months later a friend advised me (try) aerobics. That didn’t last long either, because I hate (listen) to loud disco music. Then last month I bought a bicycle and at this very moment I’m lying in a ward with two broken legs. I have decided (give up) trying (get) fit. From now on, I’m going to concentrate on (stay) alive.

IV. Bill Brown was arrested for stealing a car. Here are some of his answers to questions during his trial. Report what he said (use the verbs given below and add some more sentences of your own).

admit consider deny notice recall seem regret manage mean miss

“Yes, I was certainly in town around midnight. … I saw two men looking into all the parked cars… now you mention it, I think I did hear a car being driven away… I didn’t think about telling the police… I certainly didn’t steal the car… I wish I hadn’t gone out that night!”

Model: He admitted being in town around midnight.

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Test № 3

I. Combine each pair of sentences. Use a to-infinitive or an – ing form. Sometimes you also need a preposition.

1.We saw Rupert. He was looking in a shop window.

2.I remember the clown. He fell over.

3.Tessa wasn’t sure. Which way should she go?

4.The porter just stood there. He expected a tip.

5.How about it? Shall we go to the barbecue?

6.Susan is used to it. She’s always lived on the outskirts.

7.I’m afraid. I might hurt myself.

8.Christine apologized. She’d forgotten to pay.

9.The food was too cold. Michelle couldn’t eat it.

II. Correct the sentences if necessary.

1.Although felt tired, Polly didn’t want to go to bed.

2.Peter broke his arm in playing rugby.

3.A woman accused Martin with stealing her money.

4.I wasn’t sure whether to write a letter of thanks.

5.Do you remember a young man bumping into you?

6.The girl’s parents wouldn’t let her to stay out so late.

7.The book is too difficult enough for children to understand

8.Police found the woman for lying dead on the floor.

9.Cars are always expensive to repair them.

10.The man died as a result of falling asleep while driving.

III.Rewrite the sentences usingparticipial phrases (thefirst is doneforyou).

1.He told her not to eat it and explained that there was a risk of food poisoning. (He told her not to eat it, explaining that there was a risk of food poisoning).

2.She held his hand and led him through the crowd.

3.I saw her on the other side of the road and quickly tried to hide.

4.I’d had an argument with him the night before so I didn’t want to see him.

5.Although I fully understand your problem, I can’t allow you to break the rules.

6.He’s lived here all his life so he knows a lot about the town.

7.Since I was happy with my results, I decided to go out and celebrate.

8.She turned on the computer and started checking her mail.

9.The woman who lives next door works for a television company.

10.Although he hated the job, he did it for many years.

IV. Translate into English.

1. Я помню, он громко смеялся, рассказывая эту историю. 2. Она была уверена, что мальчики уже давно перестали работать и убежали на

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речку. 3. Не отвечая на приветствия, он быстро прошел в зал. 4. Инспектор намеревался начать свое расследование (investigation) с осмотра сада. 5. Помыв посуду и прибрав все на кухне, она легла на диван. 6. Шон терпеть не может, когда его хвалят. 7. Ему не нравилось, что дочь часами болтает по телефону. 8. Вы не забыли отправить письмо, которое он вам дал? 9. Войдя в комнату, мы обнаружили, что она пуста. 10. Ходьба всегда поднимает у меня аппетит.

Test № 4

I. Read the text below and write the appropriate participle form.

Pushy passengers win airline dispute

Fifty-four economy class passengers, … (spend) three hours … (wait) at Heathrow airport, were finally informed that their flight had been cancelled due to technical problems. On … (hear) the news, one of the older passengers marched up to the airline offices, … (demand) that they all be put on the next possible flight. However, … (overbook) the next flight, there was very little the airline could do.

The passengers all crowded around the airline desk, … (shout and protest). … (want) to do something to appease the angry crowd, they finally offered all the passengers free flights to the destination of their choice. … (appease) by this offer, they calmed down, took their seats and waited another three hours before they finally took off, more than six hours late.

II. Write the following text changing clauses to participial phrases where possible.

Vincent Van Gogh, who was born in Holland in 1853, is one of the world’s most famous painters. Although his talent was unrecognized throughout his life, it was much appreciated after his death.

After he had failed in every career he had attempted, Van Gogh first turned to art to express his strong religious feelings. After he had decided to become a painter, in about 1880, he started to paint studies of peasants and miners. During the next few years, which are known as his ‘Dutch period’, he produced paintings with rather dark greenish-brown colours.

In 1886, when he went to Paris to visit his brother Theo, he was immediately attracted to the Impressionist work he saw there. He decided to stay in Paris and continued his painting there. He was encouraged by Pissaro to use more colour in his pictures and his subsequent paintings were bright and immensely colourful.

After Van Gogh had moved to Arles in the south of France, in 1888, he worked frantically. This frenzied activity, which was interrupted by bouts of deep depression and despair, produced the majority of his most famous paintings. One of these, which is called Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear, shows

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Van Gogh: he was wearing a bandage after he had cut off his own ear. A year later, in 1890, he committed suicide.

A lot is known about Van Gogh’s life and his feelings because of the hundreds of letters which were written by him to his brother Theo and others. Because his brother believed in Van Gogh’s genius, he always encouraged him in his work. He was the person closest to Van Gogh.

(Begin: Born in Holland in 1853, Vincent Van Gogh is one of …)

III. Complete the sentences with an object from A and Participle II form of one of the verbs in B.

1.It was disappointing to see … … by weaker opposition.

2.She wants … … in the gallery, but we don’t think they’d be very popular.

3.I’ll need … … before I can go very far.

4.We heard … … on the radio a few years ago.

5.I’d like … … before I get home from work. It’s in a terrible mess.

6.She felt … …. by the wind and thrown to the ground.

IV. Translate into English.

1.Поговори с людьми, закончившими работу.

2.У моей бабушки частые головные боли. Ей нужно проверить сосуды.

3.Получив степень бакалавра, он поступил в магистратуру.

4.Им должны установить новый копировальный аппарат в четверг.

5.У меня очень болит зуб, придётся его вырвать.

6.Он наблюдал, как студенты рассаживались по своим местам.

7.Не понимая, что произошло, он продолжал о чём-то рассказывать.

8.Поскольку стояла дождливая погода, они решили вздремнуть после обеда.

9.Девушки, стоявшие на остановке, что-то громко обсуждали и смеялись.

10.Платье, висевшее в витрине магазина, исчезло.

11.Я не запомнил имя человека, звонившего вам вчера.

12.Директор обещал построить бассейн около школы.

13.Пока не наступила зима, мне нужно сдать в чистку все зимние вещи.

14.Было тяжело видеть его побеждённым.

15.Ты мог бы добиться, чтобы его уволили.

16.Я слышал, как в связи с этим упоминалось его имя.

17.Мы сидели на террасе, наслаждаясь чудесным видом гор, окружающих наш отель.

18.Кто тот мальчишка, которого допрашивает полицейский?

19.Будучи в Киеве, Андрей зашёл навестить бывшего одноклассника.

20.Поскольку я не специалист, я не могу установить эту программу.