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Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

Ex. 8. Recast the underlined parts so as to make them more natural. Use the phrasal verb GO.

1.As soon as the driver saw three round or oval UFOs, the car lights and the radio stopped working.

2.Either the quality of the show will go down or the cost will rise.

3.I hope the professor won’t give us any homework tonight because I want to spend some time with school friends.

4.If you’re looking for something girly and fun, choose something bright or pink.

5.“I'm a survivor — a living example of what people can suffer and survive.”

6.Life cannot continue without forgetting a lot.

7.A piece of advice: “Revise the text; analyze the language, style, and form.”

8.The countries of Eastern Europe experienced some radical changes after the fall of communism.

9.The exhibition was really a success and all of us had a little celebration on Sunday night. (use phrasal verb + well)

10.What on earth is happening at Denver International Airport ?

11.When the power is not available, stay calm. Turn on a battery-operated radio for news updates.

12.Would you date someone who is intolerant?

Ex. 9. Translate the sentences using the appropriate phrasal verb.

1.Если есть возможность, выберите номер с видом на море (sea view room).

2.Вдруг стало темно, и мой компьютер отключился. Но через несколько секунд он опять заработал.

3.После тяжелого дня Шарлота слишком устала, чтобы куда-нибудь идти танцевать.

4.Мы с Терезой встречались пару недель, но быстро поняли, что не подходим друг другу.

5.Я знаю, как себя чувствовал Тед, когда потерял работу: я пережил тоже самое в прошлом году.

6.Прежде, чем подписывать договор, внимательно изучите все детали.

7.Роб всегда выбирает спортивные машины.

8.Он продолжил свою речь даже после неодобрительных выкриков из зала (boos from the audience).

9.Концерт прошел хорошо.

10.Тренер не мог понять, что происходит с его командой; они постоянно проигрывали.

11.Бекхэм внимательно изучил каждый пункт контракта с Моторолой прежде, чем подписать его.

12.Цены на квартиры в Москве постоянно растут, не так ли?

13.Как прошла твоя встреча с одноклассниками?

Ex. 10. Make up a short story using as many phrasal verbs GO as possible.

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS (1)

Modal verbs: can, could, may, might

Modal phrases: to be able to

Ex. 11. Read the story. What happened to Miller? Find all the modal verbs and modal phrases. Explain their use.

Hunted Like an Animal

The swift current carried Miller downstream. Reaching the north bank, he struggled to catch his breath. He could still hear the Indians shouting to one another. “They're coming after me!” he thought. The kind of panic a stalked (преследуемый) animal might feel washed over him. “I've got to move. I just can't stay here and die in this godforsaken (заброшенный, богом забытый) jungle.” Suddenly he remembered a military checkpoint he had stopped at the day before, about four miles upstream. “I can't swim against the current, though,” he thought. “I'll have to hike it.”

Miller could hardly move without pain, so every step was an effort. He had to fight through the jungle and stay off the footpath because his pursuers (преследователи) might think he would use the path. He was bleeding heavily from the wound in the leg and could feel himself giving way to despair.

“What am I to do? I won't be able to get out of this damned jungle,” he thought. But if he was to escape, his thoughts had to be positive. He had to think fast. This much was clear: it might be quicker to float downstream rather than fight through the jungle upstream. Then he thought about the map. He could remember quite clearly that there was another military checkpoint downstream at Oracuza.

A mile downstream there was a clearing in the jungle. “I'd better stay here until morning,” he thought. At daybreak Miller slipped back into the water and swam with the current. Some time later he saw an Indian on shore. “Should I ask for help?” His first instinct was no. Then he thought better of it. Weak from loss of blood, he couldn't stay afloat (на плаву, на воде) much longer. “I'll have to take a chance that he's a friend,” he decided. “Mister, I need help,” Miller said in Spanish. “I've been shot. I need your help to get to the military post.”

“I will take you downriver.”

***

A week later after recovering from his wounds in a local hospital, Miller was finally able to go home. He flew to Hartford, Connecticut, where he was greeted by his family.

I. ABILITY: can, could, be able to

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

Ex. 12. Fill in the gaps with could or was / were able to.

1.I ________ (do) the job immediately. It didn't take up much of my time.

2.When he was young he ________ (run) faster than anyone else.

3.He ________(finally / run) the distance incredibly (невероятно) fast and set a record.

4.I ________ (find out) why they had left so unexpectedly.

5.She ________ (sing) like a bird when she was a child.

6.We ________ (finally / to persuade) our parents to let us go on the trip.

7.Every time he opened his mouth, you ________(hear) him say something tactless.

8.Cindy ________ (remember) quite well that she had been promised a pay rise.

9.The main road was under repair, but we ________(find) an alternative route.

10.The accused man ________ (feel) that the jury didn't really believe his story.

11.After she had a good sleep she ________ (work out) the problem.

12.At last he ________ (overcome) his fear and felt much better afterwards.

Ex. 13. Work in pairs. Discuss your answers to the following questions.

1.What can you do today that you could not do when you were a child?

2.Is there anything you cannot do today that you would like to be able to do?

3.Do you think children are able to learn better in mixed-sex or single-sex classrooms?

4.When you were at school, were you able to develop a realistic view of your own strengths and weaknesses?

5.In what particular areas of learning are you able to do well?

6.In your studies, what would you like to be able to do better?

7.Can you join any student clubs and groups that organise sporting, political and social events? What clubs or groups have you been able to join since you have been a student at the university? What clubs or groups could you join at school?

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

8.Have you ever been able to succeed in any of your New Years' resolutions?

9.Can you always find a common language with your peers?

10.What would you like to be able to do as a result of your education?

11.What do people mean by saying that you cannot do today's job with yesterday's tools?

12.What would you like to be able to accomplish in your life?

Ex. 14. Use could instead of was / were able to where possible.

1.He was able to find her and bring her back home where he begged her to stay.

2.Fergie wanted more from me than I was able to give.

3.I was not able to go home for Christmas with my new friends.

4.When the moon finally came up over the trees he was able to make out a group of horseriders coming towards him.

5.They were not able to discuss that question because they ran out of time.

6.He once claimed to me that he was able to open a beer bottle with his eye.

7.Because of her handicap Carina was not able to walk and talk.

8.The pilots were able to search some areas below the fog, but said visibility was almost nil at higher levels.

9.Of eleven young females between 13 and 15, only one was able to write; ten were able to read.

10.Four years later Laura was able to sell the shared house and buy a cottage for herself.

11.This new dictionary was of great help to me, because I was able to learn the meaning of many words that I had not been able to understand before.

12.The army was unable to defeat the enemy.

Ex. 15. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1.Хотя Эдвард испытывал денежные затруднения, он всё же сумел расплатиться с долгами.

2.Роджер сумел извлечь большую пользу из своей стажировки (internship).

3.Она умела найти нужные слова и убедить кого угодно в чём угодно.

4.Он сумел скопить необходимую сумму, чтобы оплатить расходы на лечение (медицинские расходы).

5.Марк смог произвести очень хорошее впечатление на нашего директора.

6.Я понимал (мог понять), почему он отказался давать показания в суде.

7.После долгих переговоров они смогли достичь согласия и прекратили военные действия.

8.Саймон мог быть очень терпеливым с детьми. Что касается меня, то они быстро выводили меня из терпения.

9.Я видел (мог видеть), что он не прилагает никаких усилий, чтобы оставаться в хорошей форме.

10.По-моему, этот ребёнок мог пользоваться компьютером, когда ещё не умел ходить!

11.Александр II сделал для России то, чего не сумел сделать ни один из Романовых — он отменил крепостное право (to abolish serfdom).

12.Вопросы маленького Билли часто бывали (могли быть) такими неожиданными, что родители не знали, как на них отвечать.

When you talk about ability to do smth on one occasion and want to emphasise the difficulty or suggest a great effort, you can use manage to.

Ex. 16. Fill in the gaps with a suitable form of can, be able to or manage.

1.After looking at her notes again, she ___________ (complete) the exercise.

2.Finally, we _________ (gain) his trust and (to keep) him on the phone long enough to trace his call.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

3.I ______ (not to accept) the fact that my son thought only of playing football.

4.I finally ________ (lose) 40 pounds after months of eating low-fat foods.

5.In Omaha, Nebraska, the firefighters _________ (rescue) the boy who fell through the ice about 100 feet from the shoreline.

6.Sally returned home exhausted. She ____________ (not to sleep) that night.

7.John ___________ (speak) fluently and well: talking with him was one of the pleasures of my life.

8.In Massachusetts Hillary met a girl in a wheelchair, who told her how much she wanted to go to school. She knew she __________ (not to go) because she __________ (not to walk).

9.He _______ (not to decide) what to do next.

10.Through the glass door of the office he _______ (see) a man with a gun.

11.In 1900, Johann Huslinger ________ (walk) from Vienna to Paris on his hands. At 10 hours a day, the journey took Huslinger 55 days.

12.I'm happy to say that we _________ (lead) the negotiations to a successful conclusion.

Ex. 17. Work in pairs. Discuss your answers to the following questions.

1.Do you think you’ll manage to get the most out of university life?

2.As a student, how well have you been able to cope with the new responsibilities that have been placed on you?

3.Have you managed to pass all your exams so far? If you make an effort, will you be able to pass all your exams with flying colors?

4.What’s the longest time you’ve ever managed to stay awake?

5.Have you ever managed to cope with a task which seemed too difficult at first? What particular skills can help you to succeed in achieving your goals?

6.Do you usually accept the things you cannot change or try to change the things you cannot accept?

7.Do you see yourself as a person who can take independent decisions? can be trusted?

8.Have you ever managed to handle some crisis situation efficiently?

9.Are you able to take care of yourself when your parents are out of your immediate reach?

10.Do you think most of your friends need the advice of a caring and experienced adult to get on in the world or can easily do without it?

II.ASKING FOR AND GIVING PERMISSION: can, could, may, might, would ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE: can, could, will, would

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

However, to talk about giving or refusing permission on a specific occasion in the past, was / were allowed is used (NOT “could”).

e.g. He was / was not allowed to use the cell phone. (NOT “He could / could not use the cell phone.”)

Ex. 18. Work in pairs. Choose suitable forms to make polite questions and answers with reasons where appropriate.

1.You are visiting a close friend and want to see his new computer.

2.You'd like a man you don't know to tell you the time.

3.At a party you want to take a picture of a girl (boy) you hardly know.

4.You'd like to borrow a couple of aspirins from a friend of yours.

5.You are in London. You want a stranger to take your photo in Trafalgar Square.

6.You want your fellow student to give you a hand with your homework.

7.You want your classmate to switch on the light.

8.You want to ask your professor a few questions.

9.You'd like your fellow passenger to turn the stereo down.

10.You are going sightseeing and you'd like to borrow your roommate's camera.

11.You need a ride to the airport.

12.You'd like to leave early and have to ask your teacher for permission.

Ex. 19. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1.Вас не затруднит посмотреть, нет ли сегодня в программе концерта джазовой музыки?

2.Можно я тебя побеспокою (interrupt) на минутку? Ты мне не скажешь, во сколько закрывается аптека?

3.Не будете ли вы так добры, чтобы ответить на несколько вопросов? — Боюсь, что сейчас не смогу. К сожалению, я должен уходить.

4.Он спросил, не может ли он мне чем-нибудь помочь. Я поблагодарил за предложение и вежливо отказался.

5.Вам разрешили бесплатно пользоваться спортивным инвентарём (equipment)? Честно говоря, я не спрашивал разрешения.

6.Прости, сейчас я никак не могу разговаривать. Можно я тебе позвоню вечером?

7.Если вас не затруднит, не могли бы вы ещё раз взглянуть на эти материалы?

8.— Ты бы не мог подержать мою сумку, пока я буду открывать дверь? — Конечно.

— Спасибо. — Не стоит (благодарности).

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

9.Секретарь объяснила, что господин Браун очень занят и спросила, не могу ли я оставить номер моего телефона. Она обещала, что он перезвонит мне через полчаса.

10.Извините за беспокойство, но не мог бы я посмотреть газету, если она вам больше не нужна? — Ну, вообще-то я ещё её не дочитал. — Простите.

11.Туристам не разрешили выйти из здания аэропорта и подышать свежим воздухом, несмотря на то, что рейс был задержан на (by) несколько часов.

12.Ты не возражаешь, если я завтра возьму твою машину, чтобы отвезти родителей на дачу?

—Извини, но боюсь, что возражаю. Завтра она мне нужна самому.

III.POSSIBILITY: can and could, may and might

1. General possibility.

Verbs used: can and could with be to talk about typical situations in the present and in the past.

2. Specific possibility.

Verbs used: may, might or could (NOT “can”) to talk about a specific situation which the speaker sees as possible at the moment of speaking or in the future, but he is not certain.

Might and could express a weaker possibility than may. Besides, may is slightly more formal.

3. Negative possibility.

Verbs used: may not and might not (NOT “cannot / could not”)

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

4. Impossibility.

Verbs used: cannot or can’t (usually with the verb “to be”) (NOT “may not / might not”)

Present

95% sure Ann cannot be here. She is in Italy now.

Невозможно, чтобы Анна была здесь. Она сейчас в Италии.

That can’t be George. George isn’t so tall.

Не может быть, чтобы это был Джордж. Джордж не такой высокий.

5. Emotionally coloured QUESTIONS expressing doubt, disbelief, annoyance, etc.

Ex. 20. Paraphrase the sentences using can / could to express general possibility.

Model: Holidays in Sochi aren't necessarily cheap. (quite expensive / often) →

Holidays in Sochi can often be quite expensive.

1.Students at university do not always approve of the teaching methods. (quite critical / sometimes)

2.Winter sports are not necessarily safe. (quite dangerous)

3.It is not easy to achieve unity between nations. (hard / often)

4.Scientific explanations are not always clear. (confusing / often)

5.Her brother was not always polite. (quite rude / sometimes)

6.In Britain, people are not necessarily willing to tell others how much they earn. (unwilling / often)

7.Years ago, travelling was not always fun. (very tiring / often)

8.Such operations are not necessarily painless. (rather painful)

9.Understanding other people's point of view is not always easy. (very difficult)

10.His behaviour was not always pleasant. (annoying / at times)

11.Extreme diets are not always hamless. (harmful / sometimes)

12.Such methods are not necessarily effective. (ineffective / often)

Ex. 21. Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs.

1.— What are you going to do tonight? — I haven’t yet made any plans. I _________ stay at home or go to the cinema.

2.— Will your headmaster help you if you get into trouble? — Who knows, he _________ help me, but I really don’t know for sure.

3.What else _________ you possibly say in your defence?

4.— Do you know how old she is? — I’m not sure, she_________ be younger than she looks.

5.Depending on where they live, people _________ either like or dislike the consequences of global warming and climate change.

6.How _________ you possibly deny your fault if it has been proved beyond any reasonable doubt?

7.— How about joining us for a cup of tea tomorrow night? — That sounds great but I _________

not be free tomorrow.

8.Money is very much on his mind at the moment. I don’t know where he’ll get it but he

_________ even sell his property.

9.Let's not wait any longer. Bob_________ come too late or _________ not turn up at all.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть II

10._________ you really believe that coming to agreement will be as easy as some people imagine?

11.He was not sure at all that his interference (вмешательство) would make things better. He was afraid it _________ even make them worse.

12.Diana _________ like the dress you’ve bought for her. But frankly speaking, I don’t think she will. She is very choosy about her clothes.

Ex. 22. Give answers to the following questions according to the model. Give some explanations as well.

Ex. 23. Choose the most suitable modal verb.

1.It's hard to understand how they can / may be so cruel.

2.Without proper treatment, sufferers from tuberculosis of the lung can / might often be contagious (заразный) all their life.

3.Leslie returned to Washington in low spirits. Where might / could she possibly find the money for an operation?

4.You might / can travel fifty thousand miles in America without once tasting a piece of good bread.

5.How could / might you possibly help people who have lost everything?

6.One day you can / could become a political commentator, who knows.

7.“I study in the morning. I study before dinner. I study in bed at night until I can't / may not stay awake any longer," my classmate said.

8.My horoscope said: “Soon you may / can feel a need to influence people and gain recognition for your talents.”

9.He thought that with a lot of luck he might / may get through to the studio to answer their quiz questions.

Chapter 6. Unit 11. Winners and Losers