Topical vocabulary unit I

1. economy

• emerging economies

• industrialized economies (advanced economies)

• economies of scale

• real economy

• economic

• economical

• economics

2. indicator

• leading indicator

• lagging indicator

• coincident indicator

• to track indicators

3. survey

4. policy makers

5. to intervene

• intervention

6. business

7. industry

8. production

• industrial production

9. Manufacturing

10. Mining

11. Utilities

12. Inventories

13. Rate

• growth rate

• unemployment rate

• profit rate

• interest rate

• exchange rate

• birth rate

• at an annual rate

• syn. annualized

14. trend

• syn. Tendency

15. business cycle

• syn. economic cycle

16. slowdown

17. boom

• boom-bust-cycle

18. downturn

• syn. Downswing

19. recession

• double-dip recession

20. depression

• the Great Depression

21. recovery

• to recover

1. prosperity

• 2. expansion

  to prosper

• to expand

3. contraction

• to contract

22. gain (s)

23. performance

24. pattern

• seasonal pattern

25. to adjust

• seasonal adjustment

• adjusted for inflation

26. to fluctuate

• fluctuation

27. average

• at an average

28. GDP /gross domestic product

• real GDP (adjusted for inflation)

• nominal GDP

• GDP per person/head/ capita

29. GNP/gross national product

30. Output

31. Income

• real income

32. household

• household income

33. consumer

• consumer demand

4. Inflation

• Inflationary pressure

34. deflation

35. purchasing power

• syn. purchasing capacity

36. Producer Price Index (PPI)

37. Consumer Price Index

38. to sustain

• sustainable

39. to swing (swung, swung)

40. to affect

41. to revise(upwards/downwards)

42. standard of living/living standard

43. capital goods/consumer goods

44. to account for

45. for the second straight month

• for the second consecutive month, for the second month in a row, for the second month running

46. to forecast

• forecast

• forecaster

47. a decade

48. the Federal Reserve

49. robust

50. a drag

51. economic cooling

52. bounce-back

53. prospects (for)

54. to stagnate

• stagnation

55. government incentives

56. gauge

• to gauge

57. to regain the lost ground

58. green shoots

59. money supply

60. hard/soft landing

61. overcapacity

Описание тенденций, колебаний на рынке, анализ графических изображений

Going up	Verbs:		to advance, to climb, to increase, to rise, to grow, to gain ground, to head north, to improve, to go up
	Nouns:		an advance, an increase, a rise, a growth, a climb, a hike, an upturn
Going down	Verbs:		to decline, to drop, to fall, to head south, to lose ground, to retreat, to slide, to go down
	Nouns:		a decline, a drop, a fall, a retreat, a slide, a downturn
These words used to talk of an upward or downward trend do not in themselves indicate by how much the index have gone up or down.
Going up by small or moderate amounts		v	to edge ahead, to edge higher, to edge up, to firm
Going down by small or moderate amounts		v	to dip, to drift (lower), to ease, to edge down, to edge lower, to slip (lower)
		n	a dip, a drift, a slip
Going up by large amounts		v	to jump, to leap, to roar ahead, to roar up, to rocket, to shoot ahead, to shoot up, to skyrocket, to soar, to surge (ahead)
		n	a jump, a leap, a surge
Going down by large amounts		v	to dive, to nosedive, to plunge, to plummet, to tumble
		n	a dive, a nosedive, a plunge, a tumble
Going down fast by very large amounts		v	to collapse, to crash, to crumble, to slump
		n	a crash, a collapse, a slump
No change			to remain stable, to level off, to stay at the same level, to remain constant, to stagnate, to stabilize, to remain steady
Change of direction			to peak, to reach a peak, to top out, to reach a low point, to bottom out, to recover, to rebound, to revive
The amount of increase can also be indicated using these verbs:			to halve, to double, to triple, to quadruple, to increase fivefold