Comments

1. free enterprise economy — економiка, що ґрунтується на вiльному пiдприємництвi

2. to own — мати, володiти

3. to run a business — вести діло, управляти пiдприємством

4. ... for making profit — для отримання прибутку

5. goods and services — товари та послуги

6. despite — незважаючи на

7. mixed economy — змiшана економiка

8. public ownership — державна власнiсть

9. means of production — засоби виробництва

private ownership — приватна власнiсть

to owe smth to — бути зобов’язаним чимось комусь; завдячувати

fertile soil — родючий ґрунт

moderate climate — помiрний клiмат

iron ore — залiзна руда

non-ferrous metals — кольоровi метали

marked predominance — значна перевага

Text B

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the US economy. It accounts for about 3 per cent of the GNP. Farms are owned by the people who operate them and by business corporations. Farming is largely mechanized and scientifically controlled.

The dominant trend in American agriculture can be summerized in two words — increased productivity. Gross agricultural output has increased dramatically: 50 years ago a farmer fed 10 people; at present the average farmer feeds 75.

American agriculture produces more food products than any other capitalist country. Production of most crops substantially exceeds domestic needs, making the United States a leading exporter of food. About a fifth of the country’s territory is arable. The rainfall is not high, and irrigation is widely used there. The principal crops grown in the country are: corn, wheat, soy-beans, sugar-cane and sugar beets, sunflower, tobacco, hay, rice, cotton, oats, and barley.

The United States harvests a lot of vegetables such as tomatoes, potatoes and onions. Florida and California are famous for their fruit production. They grow oranges, lemons, tangerines and grapefruit. Strawberries, pears and apples are also produced in large quantities.

Animal husbandry is also developed in the country. Pastures occupy more than one-forth of the United States. The highlands in the West of the country are famous for their dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig raising, and sheep farming. Dairying is well developed, and milk, cheese, and butter production exceed domestic needs. Wool production, leather and textile industries are also developed there. Poultry-farming and vegetable growing are concentrated in the countryside near all the big cities.

Comments

1. GNP — ВНП (валовий нацiональний продукт)

2. farming — сiльське господарство

3. increased productivity — зростання прoдуктивностi

4. gross agricultural output — обсяг валової продукцiї сiльського господарства

5. domestic needs — внутрiшнi потреби

6. arable land — орна земля

7. soy-beans — соя, соєвi боби

8. sugar-cane — цукрова тростина

9. pasture — пасовище

10. wool production — виробництво вовни

11. leather industry — шкiряна промисловiсть

12. countryside — сiльська мiсцевiсть