2.How many function components does the respiratory system comprise? Speak on them.

The respiratory system has two functional components, a conducting system for transport of inspired and expired gases between the atmosphere and the circulatory system and an interface for passive exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood.

3. What is respiration? What types of respiration do you know?

Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange between the organism and its environment. There are two types of respiration: cellular respiration and mechanical respiration. Cellular respiration is the process in which cells derive energy by degradation of organic molecules. Mechanical respiration is the process by which oxygen required for cellular respiration is absorbed from the atmosphere into the blood vascular system and the process by which carbon dioxide is excreted into the atmosphere.

4. What are diseases of respiratory tract and what are they characterized by?

Pneumonia is an inflammation and infection of the lungs. Acute bronchitis is an infection of the bronchial tree. Laryngitis, an inflammation of the larynx, is caused by a viral in­fection, irritants such as cigarette smoke, or by overuse of the voice. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a vital respiratory ill­ness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Asthma is a breathing problem that makes it more difficult for a per­son to get air in and out of his lungs.

5. What is pulmonary emphysema? What can it result from?

Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic lung disease in which the normal lung structure breaks down allowing air into areas, from which it is normally excluded. Emphysema can be result from chronic bronchitis, heavily polluted air, asthma and others.

6.What is pulmonary emphysema usually associated with? How to tread patient with pulmonary emphysema?

Pulmonary emphysema is usually associated with other factors, such as smoking, asthma, and various respiratory and occupational diseases. Heavily polluted air aggravates lung disorder that lead to emphysema.

In emphysema doctors usually prescribe:

• Stop smoking

• Bronchodilating medications (albuterol)

• Steroid medications

• Antibiotics

• Oxygen

7. What is asthma? What are its types and causes?

Asthma is a disease of the lungs in which the airways become blocked or narrowed causing breathing difficulty.. Asthma is commonly divided into two types: allergic (extrinsic) asthma and 

non-allergic (intrinsic) asthma. 

The causes of allergic asthma are wide ranging. At the top of the list are specific allergens, such as pet dander, pollen and dust mites. People suffering specific allergen-induced asthma are usually very aware of t Intrinsic or Non-allergic asthma: This type is not triggered by external triggers but due to respiratory tract infections. Possible causes include respiratory irritants such as perfumes, cleaning agents, fumes, cigarette smoke, chest infections, cold air, food preservatives and stress. he offending allergen and try to avoid it.