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Table 5.1 (continued)
S. No. Botanical name
Vernacular
name/
tradename Useful part(s) Major chemical constituents Important medicinal properties Genebank
38. Megacarpia polyandra
Benth (Cruciferae)
Barmola Taproot Young leaves used as vegetable,
roots used for curing fever, as
coolant, gastric, and antidote for
scorpion sting
AFS, BN
39. Meconopsis aculeate
Royle (Papaveraceae)
Blue Thorny
Poppy
Whole plant Roots have alkaloid protopine,
magnoflorine, cryptopine,
corysamine, and2-methyl-6-
methoxy-1.2.3.4-tetra-hydro-
beta-carboline
Used as blood purifier and to
reduce blood pressure
AFS, BN
40. Nardostachys
grandiflora DC
(Valerianaceae)
Jatamansi Roots Calarene, valeranone, and
jatamansone as the
major ketonic
sesquiterpenes, jatamansone
Anti-septic, anti-spasmodic,
aromatic, bitter, deobstruent,
diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative,
stomachic, tonic; infusion given
in chorea, epilepsy, hysteria
AFS, BN
41. Ocimum basilicum
Linn. (Lamiaceae)
Sweet basil,
Kali
Tulsi, bantulsi
Aerial parts,
seeds
Camphor, cineole, eugenol,
linalool, pinene
Digestive, stimulant, stomachic,
refrigerant, abdominal cramps,
nausea, constipation
HG, CH,
LK
42. Podophyllum
hexandrum Royle
(Berberidaceae)
Vankakri Rhizome Resin, podophyllin,
podophyllotoxin, podophyllol,
querctin, kampferol
Used as treatments for cancer,
hepatic stimulant, cholagogue,
purgative, vermifuge, control
watery stool, and bitter tonic
BN, HG
43. Paris polyphylla
Smith. (Liliaceae)
Satwa Rhizome Glucoside, saponins Sedative, analgesic, hemostatic,
anti-helmintic Rhizome of Paris
polyphylla contain medicinal
properties antispasmodic,
digestive stomachic, expectorant,
and vermifuge
BN, HG,
78 J. Chauhan et al.
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(continued)
44. Picrorhiza kurrooa
Royleex Benth.
(Scrophulariaceae)
Kutki,
Kedarkarvi
Stolen and
roots
Picroside-I, picroside-II Fever, stomach ache, jaundice,
dysentery, hepatoprotective
AFS, BN,
HG
45. Plantago ovate Forssk.
(Plantaginaceae)
Isabgol,
Psyllium
Seed, husk Mucilage xylose, arabinose,
galacturonic acid, rhamnose,
galactose
Constipation, intestinal
disorders, anti-oxidant, anti-
bacterial, anti-inflammatory
BN, HG,
CH, LK
46. Potentilla fulgens
Wall. (Rosaceae )
Bajardanti Whole plant Polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids Teeth cleaning, toothache,
pyorrhea
BN, HG
48. Rheum emodi Wall. ex
Meissn
(Polygonaceae)
Archa,
Rhubarb
Root,
rhizomes
Anthraquinone, rhein,
chrysophanol, aloe-emodin,
revandchinone1-4, emodin, aloe-
emodin, chrysophanol
Rhizome and root contain
medicinal properties, such as
anticancer, antioxidant, anti-
diabetic, antifungal, antiulcer
along with hepatoprotective and
nephroprotective, astringent, sore
eyes, bruises, blood purifier,
muscular pain, abdominal pain
AFS, BN,
HG
49. Rheum moorcroftinum
Royl (Polygonaceae)
Dolu Root,
rhizomes
Anthraquinone, rhein,
chrysophanol, aloe-emodin
Rhizome and root are purgative
and abdominal pain
AFS, BN,
HG
50. Rosa damascene mill
(Rosaceae)
Damask rose Flowerpetals Citronellol and geraniol Perfumery materials, cosmetics,
beverages, cold drinks, soft
drinks, alcoholic liquors,
medicines
CH, LK
51. Rheum
moorcroftianum
(Polygonaceae)
Dolu Root Emodin and rutin, chrysophanol
and chrysophenol acid bioaxtive
compound
Rhizome and root of Rheum
emodi contain medicinal
properties, such as anticancer,
antioxidant, antidiabetic,
antifungal, antiulcer along with
hepatoprotective
AFS, BN,
HG
52. Rosmarinus
officinalis
Linn (Lamiaceae )
Rosemary Flowers,
leaves
1,8-cineole, borneol, camphor,
linalool, camphene, pinene,
sabinene, myrcene
Cosmetics, culinary purposes,
flavoring agent, perfumery
HG, CH,
LK
5 Nature Interpretation Sites: A New Hope of Ex-situ Garden for... 79
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Table 5.1 (continued)
S. No. Botanical name
Vernacular
name/
tradename Useful part(s) Major chemical constituents Important medicinal properties Genebank
53. Rubia cardifolia Roxb.
ex Flamming
(Rubiaceae)
Majith,
Manjistha
Root Purpurin, xanthopurpurin,
mujistin
Tonic, astringent, antiseptic,
rheumatism ulcers,
inflammations, skin troubles
HG, CH,
LK
54. Saussurea costus
(Falc.) Lipsch.
Kuth, Kushta Roots, stem Saussurine, taraxasterol Antiseptic, disinfectant,
insecticidal, carminative,
emmenagogue, pulmonary
disorders, swallowing
BN, HG,
CH, LK
55. Swertia chirayata
(Roxb. Ex Fleming)
H. Karst.
(Gentianaceae)
Chiraiyata Whole plant Amarogentin, swerchirin Stomachache, febrifuge, fever,
diarrhea, weakness, malaria
BN
56. Swertia cordata (Wall.
ex G. Don) C. B.
Clarke (Gentianaceae)
Chirayata Whole plant
secoiridoids
Xanthones, iridoids, flavonoids Malarial fever, weakness,
adulterant
of Swertia chirayita
BN, HG,
CH, LK
58. Saussurea obvallata
Wall. ex C. B. Clarke
(Asteraceae)
Brahmakamal Roots Roots contain medicinal
properties antiseptic, styptic,
anti-inflammatory. Applied to
wounds and cuts. Plant—
hypothermic. Flower—CNS
active, antiviral
AFS
59. Swertia ciliata
(D. Don) Burtt.
(Gentianaceae)
Chirayita Whole plant Tetra oxygenated and penta
oxygenated xanthone.
amaroswerin, amarogentin,
xanthone–c-glucoside
(mangiferin)
Decoction of plant is given three
times a day for 5-7 days to
control cough, cold, and fever;
used as ethano medicine.
S. ciliate used as substitute of
S. chirayita
AFS, BN,
HG
80 J. Chauhan et al.
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60. Swertia speciosa.
Wall. Ex. D. Don
(Gentianaceae)
Chirayita Rhizomes Xanthone glycoside, two known
xanthones and urosolic acid,
amaroswerin
Bioactive molecules, such as
mangiferin, amaroswerin,
amarogentin, bitterseco-iridiod-
glucosides (amaroswerin),
xanthone–C-Glucoside
(mangiferin) and urosolic acid
AFS, BN
61. Trilium govanianum
Wall ex. D. Don
(Melanthiaceae)
Nag Chatri Tuber Steroides, glycosides,
terpinoides, sterols, saponins,
flavonoides
Used to treat dysentery, wounds,
skin boils, inflammation, sepsis,
menstrual disorder, sexual
disorders
AFS, BN,
HG
62. Typhonium
diversifolium Wall. ex
Schott
Araceae
Nagdooni Tuber – Tuber are energetic BN, HG
63. Taxus wallichiana
Zucc. ( Taxaceae)
HimalyanYew Bark Abeo-baccatin, buJanone,
buJanol
Anticancerous AFS, BN
64. Urtica dioica Linn.
(Urticaceae)
Kandali,
Bicchu-booti,
Nettle grass
Leaves β-sitosterol, trans-ferulicacid,
erucic acid, ursolicacid,
scopoletin, rutin, quercetin,
erucicacid, scopoletin
Joints and muscularpain
paralysis, prenatal food
HG, CH,
LK
65. Valeriana jatamansi
Jones (Valerainaceae)
Indian
Valerian,
Sugandhbala,
Tagar
Rhizome Valeric acid, valerenic acid,
limonene, valerianine, actinidine,
bornyl acetate, bornyl formate,
eugenol, isovaleric acid
Sleep disorders, anxiety,
headaches, depression
HG, CH,
LK
66. Viola odorata (Linn.)
(Violaceae)
Banafsa Whole plant Nonadienal, parmone,
hexylalcohol, benzylalcohol,
ionone, violaquercitin
Emetic, purgative, expectorant,
emollient, dressing for burns,
emetic, febrifuge, lung troubles,
cough, kidney, liver diseases
BN, HG,
CH, LK
AFS alpine field
station tungnath, BN Nature Interpretation Site (NIS) Baniyakund, HG Herbal Garden, Pothibasa, CH Chitra Garden, LK Lumkundi
Khare (Khare
2007)
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82 J. Chauhan et al.
Fig. 5.1 Glimpses of Some Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of High Altitude Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants conserved at Nature Interpretation Site (NIS), Baniyakund (2460 m asl),
Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand (a) Inula racemosa, (B) Saussurea costus; (c) Picrorhiza kurrooa, (d)
Bergiana ciliata, (e) Valeriana jatamansi, (f) Paris polyphylla, (g) Rheum emodi, (h) Rheum
moorcroftianum, (i) Aconitum vioalaceum, (j) Aconitum balfourii, (k) Aconitum heterophyllum,
(l) Swertia chirayita, (m) Swertia ciliata, (n) Swertias peciosa, (o) Saussurea obvallata, (p)
Nardostachys grandiflora, (q) Malaxis muscifera, (r) Dactylorhiza hatagirea, (s) Angelica glauca,
(t) Podophyllum hexandrum, (u) Hedychium spicatum, (v) Trillium govanianum
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5 Nature Interpretation Sites: A New Hope of Ex-situ Garden for... 83
Fig. 5.1 (continued)
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84 J. Chauhan et al.
Fig. 5.1 (continued)
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that demands substantial time, people, installation, and operational expenditures.
These expenditures must be justified in terms of needs, not out of a desire to conserve
materials or out of practicality. While formulating conservation goals and species
objectives, it is important to take into account a species’ need, value, and possible
uses as well as the viability of its protection (Maxted et al.
1997a, b
). Plant genetic
resource protection requires planning and decision-making, much like any other
strategic activity. Priorities for conservation must be established in relation to (a) the
type of material to be safeguarded (‘at-risk’ species or those crucial to food and
agriculture), (b) the actions to be taken afterward, and (c) the resources available to
carry out these actions. The methods for obtaining representative genetic variability
and preserving the stabi
lity of the original genotype should be known by those in
charge of germplasm conservation, together with the taxonomy of the species.
Depending on the quantity and size of the samples being preserved, facilities
might vary in size and shape, but they all need to have a steady source of electricity
and equipment that allows for conditioning. Plant genetic resource collections
should be managed by knowledgeable staff who, whenever possible, come from a
variety of discipli
nes (physiologists, botanists, breeders, and agronomists), and who
are familiar with the technical requirements and safety protocols specific to their
jobs. The preservation of genetic resources important to a nation cannot be ensured
by merely establishing a genebank. Institutional support is necessary for conserva-
tion, which means continual financial, human, and technological resources to pre-
serve collections and carry out conservation efforts.
5 Nature Interpretation Sites: A New Hope of Ex-situ Garden for... 85
Fig. 5.1 (continued)
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86 J. Chauhan et al.
5.7 About the Institute at a Glance
On the initiative of its Founder Director Prof. A.N. Purohit, the High Altitude Plant
Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC) was created by the University of Garhwal
in July 1979 under section 4 of the U.P. State University Act 1973. The Center
maintains an analytical laboratory in Srinagar and an Alpine Research Station in
Tungnath (3600 m asl) (550m a.s.l.). Together with the Alpine Research Station, the
Center has also built a model nursery at Lamkundi; Kulsari, a herbal garden at
Pothibasa (2200 m), and a germplasm conservation site at Baniyakund (2460 m)
(1200 m a.s.l.).
The Executive Council of the University granted HAPPRC autonomous status
within the University on 23 April, 1990, based on the recommendations of the
Committee of experts formed for the purpose and the calibre of work completed at
the Center and the advancement made within a decade of its founding. The Execu-
tive Council of the University periodically increased the autonomy after evaluating
the Center’s effectiveness.
The Center was founded to conduct training, research, and instruction on the
survival, adaptation, and productivity of mountain plants with a development-
oriented focus. It has the following field stations for research:
1. Alpine Field Research Station Tungnath: The highest field station which is
situated at Tungnath, Rudraprayag at 3400 m asl. It Includes a good colle ction
of RET species of MAP’s.
2. NIS at Baniyakund-Nature Interpretation Site (NIS), The Station is recently
developed under the Project National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS)
for the conservation of RET of MAP’ s for developing Germplasm of Selected
MAP’s. and for general awareness among various stakeholders, farmers,
students, tourists etc. situated at 2460 masl.
3. Herbal Garden: This garden is fully dedicated for the large supply of planting
material of MAP’s for Farmers that are engaged in the cultivation of RET species
Situated at an altitude of 2200 m asl, Pothibasa, Rudraprayag District.
4. HeadQuarter of HAPPRC is situated at 550 masl at Srinagar Garhwal which has
its own garden that is CHITRA garden where temperate MAP speciemens can
be seen.
5.
Multipurpose Plants Production and Field Research Garden (MPPFRG): This
Multipurpose Garden is situated at Lumkundi, Kulsari, Chamoli District at 1250
m asl where a huge planting material as well as nursery of many MAP’s like
Cinnamom tamala (GI of Uttarakhand), Rosemary etc., and also includes the
nursery of spices of hilly regions e.g. Large cardamom (Fig.
5.2).
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5 Nature Interpretation Sites: A New Hope of Ex-situ Garden for... 87
Fig. 5.2 Showing all different locations of ex-situ gardens
of HAPPRC, H.N.B. Garhwal Univer-
sity in Uttarakhand
References
Khare CP (2007) Indian medicinal plants. An illustrated dictionary. Springer, Berlin
Maxted N, Painting K, Guarino L (1997a) Eco geographic surveys. Training material. International
Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. Available from
http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/system/
page.asp?theme=9
Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Hawkes JG (eds) (1997b) Plant genetic conservation: the in situ
approach. Chapman and Hall, London
Nautiyal MC, Nautiyal BP (2004) Agrotechniques for high altitude medicinal and aromatic plants.
Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun
Purohit VK, Mengwal BS, Dobhal P, Chauhan J (2021) Cultivation of high altitude medicinal and
aromatic plants: a key for sustainable development and bioresource conservation in higher
Himalayan region (HHR) of Uttarakhand, India. Mittal Publications, New Delhi, pp 51–73
https://t.me/medicina_free
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