Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_40_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана
.pdf
xx
https://t.me/medicina_free
ABBREVIATIONS
OR odds ratio
PAS periodic- acid Schi
PBC primary biliary cholangitis
pCCA perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
PEG polyethylene glycol
PEP post- ERCP pancreatitis
PET positron emission tomography
PG pyoderma gangrenosum
PH potential hydrogen
PHG portal hypertensive gastropathy
PJS Peutz- Jeghers syndrome
PN parenteral nutrition
p- NET pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
PNR primary non- response
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PPI- REE PPI responsive oesophageal eosinophilia
PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
PSC- IBD primary sclerosing cholangitis- inammatory bowel disease
PUD peptic ulcer disease
RAAS renin– angiotensin– aldosterone system
RBL rubber band ligation
RCT randomized controlled trial
RIG radiologically inserted gastrostomy
rPSC recurrent PSC
RR relative risk
RY- GBP Roux- en- Y gastric bypass
SAAG serum- ascites albumin gradient
SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
SCE Specialty Certicate Examination
SCFA short- chain fatty acid enemas
SG sleeve gastrectomy
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
STK serine/ threonine kinase
SIBO small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
SIRS systemic inammatory response syndrome
SMA superior mesenteric artery
SNVA seronegative villous atrophy
SOD sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
SPS serrated polyposis syndrome
SRUS solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
https://t.me/medicina_free
SS somatostatin
SUSS Sit Up Squat Stand
SVR sustained virologic response
TACE transarterial chemoembolization
TE transient elastography
TIPSS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TNF tumour necrosis factor
TPMT thiopurine methyltransferase
TSH thyroid- stimulating hormone
UC ulcerative colitis
UDCA ursodeoxycholic acid
ULN upper limit of normal
VCE video capsule endoscopy
VH variceal haemorrhage
VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide
VTE venous thromboembolism
WCC white cell count
WD Wilson’s disease
WHO World Health Organization
WON walled- o necrosis
ZES Zollinger– Ellison syndrome
ABBREVIATIONS
xxi
https://t.me/medicina_free
https://t.me/medicina_free
NORMAL RANGES
Haematology
haemoglobin
males g/ L (30– 80)
females g/ L (5– 65)
red cell count
males × 02/ L (4.3– 5.9)
females × 02/ L (3.5– 5.0)
haematocrit
males (0.40– 0.52)
females (0.36– 0.47)
mean corpuscular volume fL (80– 96)
mean corpuscular haemoglobin pg (28– 32)
mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration g/ dL (32– 35)
white cell count × 09/ L (4.0– .0)
neutrophil count × 09/ L (.5– 7.0)
lymphocyte count × 09/ L (.5– 4.0)
monocyte count × 09/ L (< 0.8)
eosinophil count × 09/ L (0.04– 0.40)
basophil count × 09/ L (< 0.)
platelet count × 09/ L (50– 400)
reticulocyte count × 09/ L (25– 85)
reticulocyte count % (0.5– 2.4)
CD4 count × 06/ L (430– 690)
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
under 50years of age:
males mm/ st hour (< 5)
females mm/ st hour (< 20)
over 50years of age:
males mm/ st hour (< 20)
females mm/ st hour (< 30)
plasma viscosity (25°C) mPa/ second (.50– .72)
Coagulation screen
prothrombin time seconds (.5– 5.5)
international normalized ratio (< .4)
activated partial thromboplastin time seconds (30– 40)
thrombin time seconds (5– 9)
xxiv
https://t.me/medicina_free
NORMAL RANGES
Fibrinogen g/ L (.8– 5.4)
bleeding time minutes (3.0– 8.0)
Coagulation factors
factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII IU/ dL (50– 50)
von Willebrand factor antigen IU/ dL (45– 50)
von Willebrand factor activity IU/ dL (50– 50)
protein C IU/ dL (80– 35)
protein S IU/ dL (80– 20)
Antithrombin IU/ dL (80– 20)
activated protein C resistance (2.2– 4.00)
brin degradation products mg/ L (< 00)
D- dimer mg/ L (< 0.5)
Haematinics
serum iron μmol/ L (2– 30)
serum iron- binding capacity μmol/ L (45– 75)
serum ferritin μg/ L (5– 300)
serum transferrin g/ L (2.0– 4.0)
serum vitamin B
2
ng/ L (60– 760)
serum folate μg/ L (2.0– .0)
red cell folate μg/ L (60– 640)
serum haptoglobin g/ L (0.3– .63)
zinc protoporphyrin:haemoglobin ratio μmol/ mol haemoglobin (< 70)
Haemoglobinopathy screen:
haemoglobin A % (> 95)
haemoglobin A
2
% (2– 3)
haemoglobin F % (< 2)
haemoglobin S % ( 0)
transferrin saturations
methaemoglobin
% (20– 50)
% (< )
Chemistry
Blood
serum sodium mmol/ L (37– 44)
serum potassium mmol/ L (3.5– 4.9)
serum chloride mmol/ L (95– 07)
serum bicarbonate mmol/ L (20– 28)
anion gap mmol/ L (2– 6)
serum urea mmol/ L (2.5– 7.0)
serum creatinine μmol/ L (60– 0)
estimated glomerular ltration rate (MDRD) mL/ minute (> 60)
serum corrected calcium mmol/ L (2.20– 2.60)
serum ionized calcium mmol/ L (.3– .32)
serum phosphate mmol/ L (0.8– .4)
serum total protein g/ L (6– 76)
serum albumin g/ L (37– 49)
serum globulin g/ L (24– 27)
https://t.me/medicina_free
serum total bilirubin μmol/ L (– 22)
serum conjugated bilirubin μmol/ L (< 3.4)
serum alanine aminotransferase U/ L (5– 35)
serum aspartate aminotransferase U/ L (– 3)
serum alkaline phosphatase U/ L (45– 05)
serum gamma glutamyl transferase
males U/ L (< 50)
females U/ L (4– 35)
serum lactate dehydrogenase U/ L (0– 250)
serum acid phosphatase U/ L (2.6– 6.2)
serum creatine kinase
males U/ L (24– 95)
females U/ L (24– 70)
serum creatine kinase MB fraction % (< 5)
serum troponin I μg/ L (< 0.)
serum troponin T μg/ L (< 0.0)
fasting plasma glucose mmol/ L (3.0– 6.0)
haemoglobin A
c
% (4.0– 6.0); mmol/ mol (20– 42)
serum α- antitrypsin g/ L (.– 2.)
serum copper μmol/ L (2– 26)
serum caeruloplasmin mg/ L (200– 350)
serum aluminium μg/ L (< 0)
blood lead μmol/ L (< 0.5)
serum magnesium mmol/ L (0.75– .05)
serum zinc μmol/ L (6– 25)
serum urate
males mmol/ L (0.23– 0.46)
females mmol/ L (0.9– 0.36)
plasma lactate mmol/ L (0.6– .8)
plasma ammonia μmol/ L (2– 55)
serum angiotensin- converting enzyme U/ L (25– 82)
plasma fructosamine μmol/ L (< 285)
serum amylase U/ L (60– 80)
plasma osmolality mosmol/ kg (278– 300)
plasma osmolar gap mosmol (< 0)
thiopurine methyltransferase U/ L (> 25)
NORMAL RANGES
xxv
Urine
glomerular ltration rate mL/ minute (70– 40)
24- hour urinary total protein g (< 0.2)
24- hour urinary albumin mg (< 30)
24- hour urinary creatinine mmol (9– 8)
24- hour urinary calcium mmol (2.5– 7.5)
24- hour urinary copper μmol (0.2– 0.6)
24- hour urinary urate mmol (< 3.6)
24- hour urinary oxalate mmol (0.4– 0.46)
24- hour urinary urobilinogen μmol (.7– 5.9)
24- hour urinary coproporphyrin nmol (< 300)
xxvi
https://t.me/medicina_free
NORMAL RANGES
24- hour urinary uroporphyrin nmol (6– 24)
24- hour urinary δ- aminolevulinate μmol (8– 53)
24- hour urinary 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid μmol (0– 47)
urinary osmolality mosmol/ kg (350– 000)
urinary osmolality after dehydration mosmol/ kg (> 750)
urinary albumin:creatinine ratio
males mg/ mmol (< 2.5)
females mg/ mmol (< 3.5)
urinary protein:creatinine ratio mg/ mmol (< 30)
urine microscopy:
white cells / μL (< 0)
Faeces
stool weight (non- fasting) g (< 200)
24- hour faecal nitrogen mmol (70– 40)
24- hour faecal urobilinogen μmol (50– 500)
24- hour faecal coproporphyrin μmol (0.08– .200)
faecal coproporphyrin mmol/ g dry weight (0.46)
24- hour faecal protoporphyrin μmol (< 4)
faecal protoporphyrin nmol/ g dry weight (< 220)
faecal total porphyrin
ether soluble nmol/ g dry weight (0– 200)
ether insoluble nmol/ g dry weight (< 24)
24- hour faecal fat (on normal diet) mmol (< 20)
osmolality mosmol/ kg (300)
osmolar gap [300 – 2 × (faecal Na + K)] mosmol/ kg (< 00)
faecal calprotectin μg/ g (< 50)
faecal elastase μg/ g (> 200)
faecal α- antitrypsin μg/ g (< 300)
Body mass index
body mass index kg/ m2 (8– 25)
Lipids and lipoproteins
serum cholesterol mmol/ L (< 5.2)
serum LDL cholesterol mmol/ L (< 3.36)
serum HDL cholesterol mmol/ L (> .55)
fasting serum triglycerides mmol/ L (0.45– .69)
Arterial blood gases, breathing air
PO
2
PCO
2
pH (7.35– 7.45)
+
H
bicarbonate mmol/ L (2– 29)
base excess mmol/ L (±2)
lactate mmol/ L (0.5– .6)
carboxyhaemoglobin:
non- smoker % (< 2)
smoker % (3– 0)
kPa (.3– 2.6)
kPa (4.7– 6.0)
nmol/ L (35– 45)
NORMAL RANGES
https://t.me/medicina_free
oxygen saturations % (94– 99)
methaemoglobin % (< )
Endocrinology
Adrenal steroids (blood)
plasma renin activity
(after 30 minutes supine) pmol/ mL/ hour (.– 2.7)
(after 30 minutes upright) pmol/ mL/ hour (3.0– 4.3)
plasma aldosterone (normal diet)
(after 30 minutes supine) pmol/ L (35– 400)
(after 4 hours upright) pmol/ L (330– 830)
plasma aldosterone:renin ratio (< 25)
plasma angiotensin II pmol/ L (5– 35)
serum cortisol (09.00 hours) nmol/ L (200– 700)
serum cortisol (22.00 hours) nmol/ L (50– 250)
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol nmol/ L (< 50)
low- dose dexamethasone suppression test (2 mg/ day for 48 hours):
serum cortisol nmol/ L (< 50)
high- dose dexamethasone suppression test (8 mg/ day for 48 hours):
serum cortisol nmol/ L (should suppress to < 50%
of day 0 value)
short tetracosactide (Synacthen®) test (250 micrograms):
serum cortisol (30 minutes after tetracosactide) nmol/ L (> 550)
plasma - deoxycortisol nmol/ L (24– 46)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone (09.00 hours) nmol/ L (7– 3)
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
males μmol/ L (2– 0)
females μmol/ L (3– 2)
serum androstenedione
males nmol/ L (.6– 8.4)
females nmol/ L (0.6– 8.8)
post- menopausal nmol/ L (0.9– 6.8)
serum 7- hydroxyprogesterone
males nmol/ L (– 0)
females
follicular nmol/ L (– 0)
luteal nmol/ L (0– 20)
serum oestradiol
males pmol/ L (< 80)
females
post- menopausal pmol/ L (< 00)
follicular pmol/ L (200– 400)
mid- cycle pmol/ L (400– 200)
luteal pmol/ L (400– 000)
xxvii
xxviii
https://t.me/medicina_free
NORMAL RANGES
serum progesterone
males nmol/ L (< 6)
females
follicular nmol/ L (< 0)
luteal nmol/ L (> 30)
serum testosterone
males nmol/ L (9– 35)
females nmol/ L (0.5– 3.0)
serum dihydrotestosterone
males nmol/ L (.0– 2.6)
females nmol/ L (0.3– 9.3)
serum sex hormone binding protein
males nmol/ L (0– 62)
females nmol/ L (40– 37)
Adrenal steroids (urine)
24- hour urinary aldosterone nmol (4– 53)
24- hour urinary free cortisol nmol (55– 250)
Pancreatic and gut hormones
oral glucose tolerance test (75 g)
2- hour plasma glucose mmol/ L (< 7.8)
plasma gastrin pmol/ L (< 55)
plasma or serum insulin
overnight fasting after hypoglycaemia pmol/ L (< 86)
(plasma glucose < 2.2mmol/ L) pmol/ L (< 2)
serum C- peptide pmol/ L (80– 360)
plasma glucagon pmol/ L (< 50)
plasma pancreatic polypeptide pmol/ L (< 300)
plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide pmol/ L (< 30)
Anterior pituitary hormones
plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (09.00 hours) pmol/ L (< 8)
plasma follicle- stimulating hormone
males U/ L (.0– 7.0)
females
follicular U/ L (2.5– 0.0)
mid- cycle U/ L (25– 70)
luteal U/ L (0.32– 2.0)
post- menopausal U/ L (> 30)
plasma growth hormone
basal, fasting and between pulses μg/ L (< 0.4)
2 hours after glucose tolerance test (75 g) μg/ L (< )
insulin- induced hypoglycaemia (blood glucose < 2.2mmol/ L):
plasma growth hormone μg/ L (> 3)
serum cortisol nmol/ L (> 580)
plasma luteinizing hormone
https://t.me/medicina_free
males U/ L (.0– 0.0)
females
follicular U/ L (2.5– 0.0)
mid- cycle U/ L (25– 70)
luteal U/ L (.0– 3.0)
post- menopausal U/ L (> 30)
plasma prolactin mU/ L (< 360)
plasma thyroid- stimulating hormone mU/ L (0.4– 5.0)
Posterior pituitary hormones
plasma antidiuretic hormone pmol/ L (0.9– 4.6)
Thyroid hormones
plasma thyroid- binding globulin mg/ L (3– 28)
plasma T4 nmol/ L (58– 74)
plasma free T4 pmol/ L (0.0– 22.0)
plasma T3 nmol/ L (.07– 3.8)
plasma free T3 pmol/ L (3.0– 7.0)
serum thyroid- stimulating hormone receptor antibodies U/ L (< 7)
serum anti- thyroid peroxidase antibodies IU/ mL (< 50)
serum thyroid- receptor antibodies U/ L (< 0)
technetium- 99m scan of thyroid (20- minute uptake) % (0.4– 3.0)
NORMAL RANGES
xxix
Catecholamines (blood)
(Plasma recumbent with venous catheter in place for 30 minutes before collection of sample)
plasma adrenaline nmol/ L (0.03– .3)
plasma noradrenaline nmol/ L (0.47– 4.4)
Catecholamines (urine)
24- hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid μmol (5– 35)
24- hour urinary dopamine nmol (< 300)
24- hour urinary adrenaline nmol (< 44)
24- hour urinary noradrenaline nmol (< 570)
Others
plasma parathyroid hormone pmol/ L (0.9– 5.4)
plasma calcitonin pmol/ L (< 27)
serum cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) nmol/ L (60– 05)
serum 25- OH- cholecalciferol nmol/ L (45– 90)
serum ,25- (OH)2- cholecalciferol pmol/ L (43– 49)
serum insulin- like growth factor
3– 20years nmol/ L (9.3– 56.0)
2– 40years nmol/ L (7.5– 37.3)
4– 60years nmol/ L (5.6– 23.3)
> 60years nmol/ L (3.3– 23.3)
serum IGF:IGF2 ratio (< 0)
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана