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Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology
Abhishek Pathak Satya Pal Singh Editors
Next-Generation Drug Delivery Systems
Next-Generation Drug Delivery Systems
E T H O D S I N P HARMACOLOGY AND
T
OXICOLOGY
Series Editor
Y. James Kang
Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Louisville
Louisville, USA
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7653
Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology publishes cutting-edge techniques, including meth­ods, protocols, and other hands-on guidance and context, in all areas of pharmacological and toxicological research. Each book in the series offers time-tested laboratory protocols and expert navigation necessary to aid toxicologists and pharmaceutical scientists in labora­tory testing and beyond. With an emphasis on details and practicality, Methods in Pharma- cology and Toxicology focuses on topics with wide-ranging implications on human health in order to provide investigators with highly useful compendiums of key strategies and approaches to successful research in their respective areas of study and practice.
Next-Generation Drug Delivery
Systems
Edited by
Abhishek Pathak
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Apollo College of Veterinary Medicine, Jaipur,
Rajasthan, India
Satya Pal Singh
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
Editors
Abhishek Pathak Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Apollo College of Veterinary Medicine Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Satya Pal Singh College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
ISSN 1557-2153 ISSN 1940-6053 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-0716-4553-6 ISBN 978-1-0716-4554-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4554-3
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Humana imprint is published by the registered company Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A.
If disposing of this product, please recycle the paper.

Preface

The advancement of drug delivery systems has revolutionized modern therapeutics, paving the way for next-generation solutions that enhance efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. This book, Next-Generation Drug Delivery Systems, delves into the innovative technologies and strategies reshaping the pharmaceutical landscape. It serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the principles, applications, and challenges of cutting-edge drug delivery mechanisms.
The primary objective of this book is to provide students, researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals with a detailed yet accessible guide to emerging trends in drug delivery systems. Topics encompass a wide range of delivery mechanisms, including nanotechnology-based carriers, controlled-release formulations, targeted delivery systems, and biologics, with a focus on their role in improving therapeutic outcomes. Emphasis has also been placed on regulatory challenges, translational research, and the integration of artificial intelligence in designing advanced drug delivery systems.
This edition aims to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applica­tions. It is meticulously structured to include fundamental principles, design strategies, and real-world applications. Each chapter highlights the latest advancements, backed by scien­tific evidence and clinical relevance, making the content both contemporary and impactful. The inclusion of high-quality illustrations and tables further enhances the reader’s under­standing and engagement.
The book is designed to cater to a diverse audience, including academicians, pharma­ceutical scientists, healthcare professionals, and students, while also providing valuable insights for industry leaders involved in drug development and formulation. It fosters a deeper understanding of how innovative drug delivery approaches can address critical challenges, such as enhancing bioavailability, reducing side effects, and achieving precise drug targeting.
Authored by a team chapter is curated to ensure consistency, logical flow, and practical utility. We are confident that this book will serve as an essential reference, offering profound knowledge and fostering innovation in drug delivery systems.
We express our gratitude to the contributors and reviewers who have enriched this book with their expertise. We also extend our appreciation to the readers who will carry forward the knowledge to advance the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
It is our hope that this book not only enriches the reader’s understanding but also inspires new ideas and advancements in the ever-evolving domain of drug delivery systems.
of exper
ts with vast academic and industrial experience, each
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Abhishek Pathak Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India Satya Pal Singh
v

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... ix
1 Introduction to Drug Delivery System: Past, Present,
and Future Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Santanu Pal, Dumala Naveen, Tejpal, and Swarup Debroy
2 Fundamentals of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Asha, Puneet Goyal, Pooja, and Ravi Dabas
3 Targeted Drug Delivery: Principles and Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Meemansha Sharma, Mamta Meena, Ayushi Vaidhya, and Thakur Uttam Singh
4 Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: From Bench to Bedside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Mounil Mankad, Pranav Anjaria, Sanjay Vaghela, and Varun Asediya
5 Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation and Applications . . . . . . . . . . 89
Pratibha Yadav
6 Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Design and Characterization. . . . . . . . . 111
Afroz Jahan, Milindmitra K. Lonare, Sanweer Khatoon, and K. Kasturi Devi
7 Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems: From Concept
to Clinical Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Manisha, Pritam Pal, Pradyut Das, and Vishwa Ranjan Upadhyay
8 Biomaterials in Drug Delivery: Design and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Naveen Kumar
9 Transdermal Drug Delivery: Technology and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Pabbathi Shivakumar, Ramya Boinepally, and Matukumalli Usha Rani
10 Drug Deliver
Sonal Saxena, Sameer Shrivastava, Pradeep Kumar, and Naveen Kumar
11 Biosensor-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations, Applications,
and Future Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Disha Pant, A. H. Ahmad, and Kamal Pant
12 Ocular Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers for Effective Treatment . . . . . . . . . 251
Anuradha Nema
13 Drug Delivery to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Challenges
and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Milindmitra K and Sivaraman Ramanarayanan
y to Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
. L
onare, Afroz Jahan, Manjinder Sharma,
. . . . . . . . . . 211
vii
viii Contents
14 Drug Delivery to the Respiratory System: Novel Approaches
and Therapeutics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Pabbathi Shivakumar, Ramya Boinepally, and Matukumalli Usha Rani
15 Drug Delivery to the Cardiovascular System: Application
and Future Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Pankaj Kumar Umar, Jyoti, Asha, and Sachin Kumar Jain
16 Drug Delivery to the Musculoskeletal System: Localized Therapies
and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Khumtya Debbarma, Dilip K. Deka, Jadav Sarma, and Arjun Kafle
17 Drug Delivery to the Reproductive System: Innovations
and Therapeutic Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Dhaval J. Kamothi, Ayushi Vaidhya, Nabaneeta Smaraki, and Harsh R. Jogi
18 Drug Delivery in Rare Diseases: Orphan Drugs and Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Anil Kumar, Manjulendra Kumar, and Sudhir Kumar
19 Drug Delivery to the Immune System: Immunotherapies and Vaccines. . . . . . . 437
Santanu Pal, Dumala Naveen, Bavadharani Mani, and Reddi Lokeswari
20 Unlocking the Potential of Gene Therapy: Principles
and Therapeutic Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Vijay Kumar
21 Cell-Based Therapies and Drug Delivery: Advancements
and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Pradeep Kumar Ram, Amit Kumar Jha, Kritika Dhial, and Abhishek Pathak
22 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Delivery
Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Varun Asediya, Pranav Anjaria, Kritika Dhial, and Abhishek Pathak
23 In Vitro Models for Drug Delivery Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
S. Simran Kour, Shivali Khandelwal, Roshni, and Vishal Yadav
24 Ethical and Safety Considerations in Drug Delivery Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Rajesh Sudhakar Wakchaure, Kritika Dhial, and Abhishek Pathak
25 Challenges and Future Directions for Next-Generation
Drug Delivery Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Lipika S
a, Shveta Singh, Anjali, and Devojyoti Dutta
arm
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Contributors

A. H. AHMAD • Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
A
NJALI
RANAV ANJARIA
P
University, Anand, Gujarat, India
V
ARUN ASEDIYA
SHA
A
University, Jabalpur, MP, India
R
AMYA BOINEPALLY
University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
R
AVI DABAS
Bareilly, U.P., India
P
RADYUT DAS
Haryana, India
K
HUMTYA DEBBARMA
Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, India
S
WARUP DEBROY
Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., India
D
ILIP K. DEKA
Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, India
K. K
PVNRTVU, Warangal, Telangana, India
K
RITIKA DHIAL
Medicine, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
D
EVOJYOTI DUTTA
Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
P
UNEET GOYAL
University, Jabalpur, M.P., India
A
FROZ JAHAN
Rampura Phul, Punjab, India
S
ACHIN KUMAR JAIN
Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, MP, India
A
MIT KUMAR JHA
ARSH R. JOGI
H
Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
J
YOTI
University, Jabalpur, MP, India
A
RJUN KAFLE
Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, India
D
HAVAL J. KAMOTHI
of Veterinary Medicine, Jaipur, India
ICAR-CIRC, Meerut, India
•
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu
•
M.B. Veterinary College, Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India
•
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science
•
Veterinary Pathology, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary
•
Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar,
•
Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal,
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
•
Division of Veterinary Anatomy, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
•
ASTURI DEVI
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CVSc,
•
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Apollo College of Veterinary
•
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science,
•
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, COVS, GADVASU,
•
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nanaji Deshmukh
•
College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, MP, India
•
Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
•
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Apollo College
•
ix