There’s a lot to learn in medicine and being inseparable from societal shifts and scientic discovery, it relies on an ever-changing body of knowledge. So how should the junior doctor decide what to learn? This book oers one source of help, containing all the information we think you need to know based on recent guidelines and our experience of UK Foundation Training. Separated by speciality and with new chapters on end-of-life care and general practice, we hope it provides a valuable reference for your current or next ro­tation. But even the information in this introductory text can seem daunting. How do you know what is important? This is best deciphered on the wards and in the clinic, while working with or shadowing colleagues at work. Does it matter if you can distinguish between type  and 2 respiratory failure if you don’t know the login for the gas machine, how to bleep the respiratory regis­trar, or how to document in the notes? This book must therefore be accom­panied by proactivity, observation, immersion, and experience. And although there are many similarities between hospitals and surgeries, all work slightly dierently. Some of these clerical dierences can be mundane, but are as im­portant as clinical understanding, and can only be understood by showing up, observing, enquiring, and replicating. This handbook is therefore designed to supplement not supplant real-world experience.