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ɲɟɩɪɢɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɚɯɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ350–500 °ɋɢ–950 °ɋ
Ⱦɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɹɝɤɢɟɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɨɬ
ɠɢɝɚ ɢ ɟɫɥɢɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɤɨɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɬɪɭɛɧɵɯɢɡɞɟɥɢɣɨɫɨ
ɛɟɧɧɨɫɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦɢɬɨɧɤɢɦɢɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢȾɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɥɢ ɜɵ
ɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɵɯ
ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɯɫɬɚɥɟɣɢɡ-ɡɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɯɫɬɚ
ɥɟɣɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɢɫɤɚ
ɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɬɠɢɝɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɬɠɢɝɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣɱɟɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɠɢɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɡɗɬɨɩɪɢ
ɜɟɞɟɬɤɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɢɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ
7.5. ʓ˖˒ˎˈˍ˔ː˞ˈːˈ˓ˉ˃˅ˈˡ˜ˋˈ˔˕˃ˎˋǡˎˈˆˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːː˞ˈ˃ˊˑ˕ˑˏ
Ʉɚɤɜɢɞɧɨɢɡɬɚɛɥ. ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɭɬɟɦɢɯɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɡɨɬɨɦ
ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɟɣɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɦɧɨɝɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɚɡɨɬɚɜɫɬɚ
ɥɢɮɨɪɦɚɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɬɚɥɢɢɞɪɒɢɪɨɤɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɚɡɨɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɟɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɜɵɲɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ
ɦɨɫɬɢɜɬɜɟɪɞɨɦɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɗɬɨɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɚɡɨɬɚɢɡɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚȼɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɚɡɨɬɚ ɢɡɬɚɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɜɯɨɞɟɫɬɚɪɟ
ɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɚɡɨɬ
ɢɧɨɝɞɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦɋɟɝɨɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɨɠɧɨɩɨ
ɥɭɱɢɬɶɫɬɚɥɶ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɉɭɬɟɦɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɬɚɥɢɚɡɨɬɨɦɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶɬɟɢɥɢɢɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ>6].
ɋɬɚɥɢɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɚɡɨɬɨɦɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶɧɚɞɜɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
– ɫɬɚɥɢɫɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦɚɡɨɬɚɧɢɠɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɚɡɨɬɚ
– ɫɬɚɥɢɫɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɬɚɜɵɲɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɚɡɨɬɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɟɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɟ
81
Ⱥɡɨɬɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɜɫɬɚɥɶɞɥɹɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɜɢɞɟ
– ɝɚɡɚɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɩɨɪɵɢɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ
– ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɜɬɜɟɪɞɨɦɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɠɟɥɟɡɚ
– ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯɧɢɬɪɢɞɧɵɯɮɚɡ
Ⱦɜɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɚɡɨɬɚɜɫɬɚɥɢɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɩɨɥɨɠɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜ ɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɬɚɥɹɦɢ
Ⱥɡɨɬɹɜɥɹɹɫɶɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɹɟɬ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɭɸɢ
ɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɭɸɮɚɡɵɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣɧɨɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸȖ-ɮɚɡɵ[27@ɄɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɢɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚɢɧɢɬɪɢɞɨɜɩɨɞɨɛɧɵȺɬɨɦɵɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɧɢɬɪɢɞɚɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɤɬɚɷɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɜ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɟ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶ
ɲɢɣɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɧɢɬɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɹ
ɸɳɢɣɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɨɪɪɨ
ɡɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ
Ⱥɡɨɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɤ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ
ɢɳɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ Ȼɵɥɨɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɧɨ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹ
ɬɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɟɩɚɫɫɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɪɨɫɬɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɩɢɬɬɢɧɝɨɜɩɪɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ
ɧɢɹɚɡɨɬɚɗɬɨɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹS+ɜɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɣɹɦɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ>28].
Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɡɨɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɧɢɬɪɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ
ɪɨɫɬɭɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢɢɭɞɚɪɧɭɸ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ [29].
Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɡɨɬɨɦɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶɜɧɢɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ
ɧɢɟɧɢɤɟɥɹ ɢ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚɜ ɩɨɥɬɨɪɚ-ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɢɫ
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɇɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɡɨɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨ
ɞɹɬɩɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɧɟɪɠɚɜɟ
ɸɳɢɟɫɬɚɥɢ
Ɉɞɧɨɣɢɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɚɡɨɬɚɧɚɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɞɭɩ
ɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɢɟɚɭɫɬɟɧɢ
ɬɚɗɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɞɜɨɣɧɢɤɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜɭɤɥɚɞɤɢɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɚɭɫɬ
ɟɧɢɬɚɫɧɢɡ
ɤɢɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦNiȺɡɨɬɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɧɨɦɭɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɸɞɢɫɥɨ
ɤɚɰɢɣɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɷɮɮɟ
ɤɬɚɦɢɤɨ
ɪɨɬɤɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɹɗɬɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɸɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶɫ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɫɭɛɡɟɪɟɧɢɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
82
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɢɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɞɨɜ >30@ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ
ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɡɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ&U
ɢ0Rɩɪɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɱɟɝɨɫɬɚɥɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɦɟɧɟɟɱɭɜ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɤ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɸɢɧɬɟɪɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɡɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɨɤɫɬɚɥɢɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɰɟɧ
ɬɪɚɰɢɢɚɡɨɬɚɜɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ
ɧɢɹɜɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚɢɯɪɨɦɚ
Ⱦɥɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɹɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɬɪɨɣɧɭɸɮɚɡɨɜɭɸɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ©ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-ɯɪɨɦ-ɧɢɤɟɥɶªɍɱɚɫɬɨɤɞɢɚ
ɝɪɚɦɦɵɩɪɢ % ɠɟɥɟɡɚɪɢɫ. ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɱɬɨɷɬɢ ɫɬɚɥɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɨɦɭɬɢɩɭĮ-ɮɚɡɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɬɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬȖ-ɮɚɡɚɩɨɦɟɪɟɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ
ɉɪɢɡɚɤɚɥɤɟɜɜɨɞɟɨɬɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɬɠɢɝɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ–1125 °Cɦɨɠɧɨɩɨ
ɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɢɡ % ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɢ % ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟ
ɧɢɹɮɟɪɪɢɬɚɜɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɢɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɩɥɚɜɚɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɜɡɨɧɟɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɁɌȼ
Ɋɢɫ. 8. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɚɡɨɬɚɧɚɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ©Fe-Cr-Niªɩɪɢ % Fe
83
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ ɢ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨ
ɧɟɱɧɨɦɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟɢɡɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣɫɬɚɥɢɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɢɬɟɪ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɦɨɝɭɬɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɮɚɡ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɮɚɡɨɜɚɹɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɚɪɢɫ. 8.
ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɮɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɢ
ɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɮɟɪɪɢɬ
&U0R6Lɢɬ ɞɥɢɛɨɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬ1L1&&Xɢɬ ɞ
Ȼɚɥɚɧɫ ɮɚɡɮɟɪɪɢɬɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞ
ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɨɣɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
% į-ɮɚɡɵ –Cr
– Nieq T
eq
ɝɞɟ Cr
= Cr Si MoNieq = Ni C N CuT – ɬɟɦɩɟ
eq
ɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɬɠɢɝɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 1050–1150 °C.
ɋɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɯɪɨɦɚɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚɧɢɤɟ
ɥɹɚɡɨɬɚ ɢɦɟɞɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨ
ɫɬɢɝɚɬɶɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨɤ–50 % ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɚɡɨɬɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɢɡɮɟɪɪɢɬɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫ. 8ɨɧɬɚɤɠɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɮɟɪɪɢɬɚɜɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬ
ʙˑː˕˓ˑˎ˟ː˞ˈ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˞
1. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣɢɢɯɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ.
2. ɑɟɦɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɳɢɧɜȾɇɋ"
3. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɚ
ɧɚȾɇɋ
84
ʐʗʐʚʗʝʒʟʏʣʗʦʔʠʙʗʘʠʞʗʠʝʙ
1. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɤɚɬɚɢɡɫɬɚɥɢɩɨɜɵ
ɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɉ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɋ ɉ Ɂɭɛɨɜ Ⱥ .Ⱥ ɉɪɢɞɟɢɧɅ ȼ ɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɧɤɨɢ ɞɪ //
Ȼɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ©ɑɟɪɧɚɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹª. – 2017. – ʋ. – ɋ–59.
2. ɆɭɪɚɬɨɜȺ ɇɊɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɤɚɬɚɢɡɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɣɫɬɚɥɢɞɥɹɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɞɢɫ«
ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤȺ. ɇ Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ– ɆɎȽɍɉ©ɐɇɂɂɱɟɪɦɟɬɢɦɂ ɉ Ȼɚɪɞɢ
ɧɚª 2007. – ɫ
3. Ɉɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɘ Ⱦ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ Ɉ ɇ ɑɟɜɫɤɚɹ
Ƚ Ⱥ ɎɢɥɢɩɩɨɜɢɞɪɆɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝ– 2007. – ʋ– ɋ–51.
4. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɢɯɫɬɚɥɟɣɞɥɹɫɬɪɨɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ Ⱥ ɇ Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ ɘ Ⱦ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ Ɉ ɇ ɑɟɜɫɤɚɹɢɞɪ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝ– 2007. – ʋ 8. – ɋ–70.
5.
ɒɚɛɚɥɨɜɂ
ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɤɚɬɚɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɂ ɉ ɒɚ
ɛɚɥɨɜɁ Ʉ ɒɚɮɢɝɢɧȺ ɇ Ɇɭɪɚɬɨɜ– Ɇ Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɡɞɚɬ– ɫ
6. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜ ɇ Ɏɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɞɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɇ Ɏ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜȽ ȼ Ƚɪɚɱɟɜɇ ȼ Ɇɚɥɚɯɨɜȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɦɚ
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ– 2008. – ʋ– ɋ–140.
7. ɊɨɞɶɤɢɧɚȺ ȼɁɚɳɢɬɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɫɭɞɨɜɢɩɥɚɜɭɱɢɯɬɟɯ
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ
ɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤȺ ȼ Ɋɨɞɶɤɢɧɚ– ɇɢɠɧɢɣɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ – ɫ
8. ɉɚɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɆɉɄ ȼȼ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɭɛ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɢ
ɏɇɌ-ɒɞɥɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɚɬɨɦɧɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢɋɚɮɶɹɧɨɜ Ⱥ ȼɎɟɞɨɪɨɜ Ⱥ Ⱥ
ɑɢɤɚɥɨɜ
ɛɸɥʋ– ɫ
ɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɣɫɬɚɥɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. – ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤȺɈ©ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɵɣɡɚɜɨɞª
ɪɨɞɚɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɨ-ɦɚɪɬɟɧɫɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɹɯ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɵɦɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɡ-ɦɚɬɧɚɭɤɂ Ⱥ Ȼɨɝɚɱɟɜ– Ɇ.– ɫ
ɋ Ƚɢɞɪ
9. Ɍɍ 14-158-131-Ɍɪɭɛɵɛɟɫɲɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɡɤɨɪ-
10. Ȼɨɝɚɱɟɜ ɂ Ⱥȼɚɤɚɧɫɢɨɧɧɨɟɢɝɚɡɨɜɨɟɪɚɫɩɭɯɚɧɢɟɢɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɨ
ɉɊɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɬɨɥɫɬɨ
– ʋɡɚɹɜɥ ɨɩɭɛɥ
85
11. Ʉɥɢɦɨɜ ȼ ɇ ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ȼ ɇ Ʉɥɢɦɨɜ Ⱦ Ɇ Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ – ɋɚɦɚɪɚ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ– ɫ
12. ɀɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɟɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟɫɩɥɚɜɵɞɥɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɬɪɚɤɬɚɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɯɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣȽɌȾ Ȼ ɋ Ʌɨɦɛɟɪɝɋ ȼ Ɉɜɫɟɩɹɧȼ Ȼ Ʌɚɬɵɲɟɜȿ Ȼ ɑɚɛɢɧɚ Ⱥɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɛ ɧɚɭɱ ɬɪ – Ɇ ɎȽɍɉ ©ȼɂȺɆª –
ɋ 59–65.
13. Ⱦɟɧɢɫɨɜɚȼɋɀɚɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹɞɥɹ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɯɫɩɥɚɜɨɜɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤ ȼ ɋ. Ⱦɟɧɢ
ɫɨɜɚ– Ɇ.– ɫ
14. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɬɚɥɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟȿ ȼ Ȼɪɚɬɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ ȼ Ɂɚɜɨ
ɞɹɧɵɣȺ ɇ ɒɚɩɨɜɚɥɨɜȿ Ⱥ
ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ–
ɇɨɜɨɬɪɨɢɰɤɇɎɇɂɌɍ©Ɇɂɋɢɋª
2013. – ɫ
15. ɒɬɚɣɝɟɪɆ ȽɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɪɟɥɶɫɨɜɨ
ɝɨɫɬɵɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɢɫ
«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤɆ Ƚ ɒɬɚɣɝɟɪ– ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ– ɫ
16. ȺɧɢɤɟɟɜȺ ɇɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨ-ɥɢɬɵɯɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧ ɧɚɭɤȺ ɇ Ⱥɧɢɤɟɟɜ– ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ– ɫ
17. Ƚɪɢɲɭɧɢɧ ȼ Ⱥ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɥɶɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɩɭɱɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤȼ Ⱥ Ƚɪɢɲɭ
ɧɢɧ– ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤ– ɫ
18. əɤɭɲɟɜ ȿ ȼɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɚ ɈȺɈ ©ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶª
ɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤȿ ȼ əɤɭɲɟɜ– Ɇ.– 156 ɫ.
19. 3HFNQHU'+DQGERRNRI6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV' 3HFNQHU, M. Bernstein. –
N. <0F*UDZ-+LOO1977. – 800 p.
20.
ɑɢɠɢɤɨɜɘ Ɇɉɪɨɤɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɥɟɣɢɫɩɥɚɜɨɜɘ. Ɇ
ɑɢɠɢɤɨɜ–
ɆɆɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɡɞɚɬ– ɫ
21. Ⱥɥɮɟɪɨɜɚ ɇ ɋ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨ ɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɥɚɜɚɦ / ɇ ɋ Ⱥɥ
ɮɟɪɨɜɚȼ ɉ Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜ. – Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ – Ɍ. V. – ɋ. 48–57.
22. ɋɨɤɨɥ ɂ ə Ⱦɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɂ ə ɋɨɤɨɥ – Ɇ Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ
1974. – 216 ɫ
23. 6RXWKZLFN P. D. Decomposition of ferrite to austenite in 26%Cr-5%Ni
stainless steel / P. D. 6RXWKZLFN5 : . Honeycombe // Metal Science and Heat
Treatment. – 1980. –
Vol. 7. – P. 253–261.
24. TMR Stainless. Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless
6WHHOVUGHG,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RO\EGenum/RQGRQ8.– 68 p.
86
25. ɅɟɜɢɧɚȺ ȼ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɧɨ-ɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɏɇɄɆɘɌ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɢɫc « ɤɚɧɞ ɬɟɯɧ ɧɚɭɤ /
Ⱥ ȼ Ʌɟɜɢɧɚ– ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ– ɫ
26. ȻɢɝɟɟɜȺ ɆɆɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹɫɬɚɥɢȺ Ɇ. Ȼɢɝɟɟɜ ȼ Ⱥ. Ȼɢɝɟɟɜ– Ɇɚɝ
ɧɢɬɨɝɨɪɫɤɆȽɌɍ– ɫ
27. ɋɜɹɠɢɧ Ⱥ ȽȺɡɨɬɢɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ / Ⱥ Ƚ. ɋɜɹɠɢɧ Ʌ Ɇ Ʉɚɩɭɬɤɢɧɚ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɑɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ. – 2019. – Ɍ. 62. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 173–187.
28. 2VR]DZD.(IIHFWRIDOOR\LQJHOHPHQWVHVSHFLDOO\QLWURJHQRQWKHLQitiation of pitting in stainless VWHHOV . 2VR]DZD 1 Okato // Passivity and its breakdown on iron and iron base aOOR\V86$-Japan Seminar. National Association of CorURVLRQ(QJLQHHUV7RN\R-DSDQ– P. 135–139.
29. Ⱥɜɟɪɢɧȼ ȼȺɡɨɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɯȼ ȼ. ȺɜɟɪɢɧȺ
ȼ.
Ɋɟɜɹɤɢɧȼ ɂ. Ɏɟ
ɞɨɪɱɟɧɤɨ– ɆɆɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ– 22ɫ.
30. /DUGRQ- M. Duplex austenitic-ferritic staiQOHVVVWHHOVPHFKDQLFDO properties and corrosion resistance / J. M. LardonJ. CharlesF. Dupoiron et al. // International Symposium HNS /LOOHMay – P. 56–63.
87
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6ɧɟ
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ɋɧɟ
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170
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10
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ2
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ Ɇɚɪɤɚɫɬɚɥɢ
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɛɟɡɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɢɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɦɭɪɚɡɪɵɜɭ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥ%'(
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ $6'6(6$'($'
($'($6'6(6
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɦɭɪɚɡɪɵɜɭ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ BZDZEZBZDZEZ35.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ $6='6=(6=$6=
'6=(6=
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E40Z35
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɦɭɪɚɡɪɵɜɭ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ %:':(:
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ $6: D26:(6:$:':
(:$:':(:$:':
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ɋɬɚɥɶɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɦɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɦ
':(:':(:':(:
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɟɣɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɦɭɪɚɡɪɵɜɭ
ɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯɩɪɢɧɢɡɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ FW
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ):):)6:):)SW.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɥɸɛɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɛɟɡ
F32W
F40SW
Arc
Arc
):
Arc
)6:
Arc
):
Arc
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɟɧɢɠɟ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ):):):
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F420W
Arc
):
Arc
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Arc
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɛɟɡ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɟɧɢɠɟ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
90
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