Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Перспективные стали и сплавы. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 2
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
S – ɦɚɪɤɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɉɪɚɜɢɥ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɦɨɪɫɤɢɯɫɭɞɨɜɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɊɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ
ZZ35 – ɫɬɚɥɶɫɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɭɠɟɧɢɹɜɧɚ-
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ=] 25 % ɢ % ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
W – ɫɬɚɥɶɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɫɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ =] 35
Arc – ɢɧɞɟɤɫɫɬɚɥɢ ɦɚɪɤɢF ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟ
ɦɵɣɤɫɬɚɥɹɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɣɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɢɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨZ-ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ Ɋɹɞɨɦ
ɫɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɛɟɡɡɧɚɤɚ
ɦɢɧɭɫɞɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɚɥɶɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚɞɥɹɥɸɛɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɛɟɡɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ
=] – ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɭɠɟɧɢɟɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɵɥɢɫɬɚ
91
3ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
6ɧɟ
Al Ti V Nb
0R
ɧɟɛɨ
1Lɧɟ
Cuɧɟ
Crɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
*12 *2 *2
–
ɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
0 –
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ3
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ %
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
–
–
ɋɬɚɥɶɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
–
*12 *2 *2
–
–
*2 *2
–
–
–
–
*2 *2
–
–
–
92
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ
ɋɧɟ
Ɇɚɪɤɚɫɬɚɥɢ
Mn Si
–
ɛɨɥɟɟ
E
$%' 1
–
0–
8
(( *3 *3
A36'
A4D40
$'(
$6'6(6
ɋɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢZW
–
$6'6(6
–
EZ25
EZ35
%='=
%='=
%:':(:):
3ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
6ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
*2 *2
*3 *3
*2 *2
*3 *3
*2 *2
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ3
*3
–
0–
–
*3 *3
–
93
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ %
Al Ti V Nb
0R
ɧɟɛɨ
1Lɧɟ
&Xɧɟ
&Uɧɟ
*3
–
ɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
0
Mn Si
ɋɬɚɥɶɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢZWArc
ɋɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɇɚɪɤɚɫɬɚɥɢ
–
–
–
E27SZ25
E27SZ35
$6='6=
$6='6=
D40Z25
$='=(=
$='=$=
–
D40Z35
(=(= *3 *3
$='=(=
$6:'6:(27SW
$='= A40Z
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Arc
':(:
':(:$:
':(:$:
(=(=$:
$6:'6:(40SW
):):
ɥɹ
3ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
6ɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɧɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨ
*1 *3 *3
*3 *3
–
–
–
–
0
–
040
–
94
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Al Ti V Nb
0R
ɧɟɛɨ
1Lɧɟ
&Xɧɟ
&Uɧɟ
*3 *3
–
ɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
–
20
–
–
–
–
Mn Si
ɋɧɟ
–
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Arc
Arc
Ɇɚɪɤɚɫɬɚɥɢ
):):):
ɋɬɚɥɶɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢWArc
-
–
–
0–
Arc
F40W
Arc
F40SW
Arc
':(:
Arc
):):
)6:)6:)6:
':(:):
F420W
–
–
Arc
F500W
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɯɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶ ɨɬ % ɞɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨ
*3. ɋɬɚɥɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɚɧɚɞɢɣɢɧɢɨɛɢɣɩɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɜɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢȿɫɥɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɧɢɨɛɢɹɜɚɧɚɞɢɹɢɬɢɬɚɧɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ %.
*1. ɋɬɚɥɶɦɨɠɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɬɢɬɚɧɆɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɬɢɬɚɧɚ– ɧɟɛɨɥɟɟ02 ɉɪɢɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɢɬɚɧɨɦɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹɦɚɫ
*2. ɋɬɚɥɶɦɨɠɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɚɧɚɞɢɣɢ ɧɢɨɛɢɣɩɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɜɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢȿɫɥɢɭɤɚ
':(:):
ɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹɢɬɢɬɚɧɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɧɟɦɟɧɟɟ %.
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɯɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɚɧɚɞɢɹɨɬ ɞɨ ɢɥɢɧɢɨɛɢɹɨɬ ɞɨ ȿɫɥɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɢɫ
ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɯɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɚɧɚɞɢɹɨɬ ɞɨ ɢɥɢɧɢɨɛɢɹɨɬ ɞɨ ȿɫɥɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɯɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɬ ɞɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹ
ɧɢɨɛɢɹɜɚɧɚɞɢɹɢɬɢɬɚɧɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ2 %
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ
į
%
+20 0 –20 –40 –60
.9Ⱦɠ
ɩɪɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɜ °ɋ
Ɇɚɪɤɚ
ɫɬɚɥɢ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ
ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ
ɦɦ
ɩɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ı
ı
ɇɦɦ2
ɜ
ɬɜ
ɇɦɦ
2
ɋɬɚɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
A
B – 34 – – –
D – – 34 – –
E – – – 34 –
50–70
400–520 235 22
A36
D36 – – 41 – –
490 355 21
34 – – – –
– 41 – – –
E36 – – – 41 –
ɋɬɚɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢZW
BZ35
DZ35 – – 34 – –
50–70
– 34 – – –
DW – – 40 – –
EZ25 50 – – – 27 –
400–520 235 22
EZ35 50–70 – – – 34 –
EW
FW – – – – 40
70
– – – 40 –
ɋɬɚɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢZWArc
E27SZ35
E32Z35 440–570 315 – – – –
50–70
E27SW
F32W 440–570
Arc
F32W
F40SW
440–570 – – – –
Arc
E40SW 530–690 – – – 60 –
400–540 265
400–510 265 – – – 50 –
315
510–660
390 20
– – –
22
– – – –
– – – – 80
38
–
50
ɋɬɚɥɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢWArc
D420W
F420W – – – –
Arc
F420W
– – – –
F460W
Arc
F460W
F500W
F500W
Arc
610–770 500 18
530–680 420
570–720 460
– – 80 – –
19
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
80
95
N
&X
Cu5
N –
–
ɉɪɨɱɢɟ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Pɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Sɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
–
0–
0–
–
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–0
–
–
–
–
–
035
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
–
10
97
–
–
–
–
ɋ Si Mn Cr Ni Ti Al W Mo Nb V Fe
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ
ɧɢɟ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟ
–
Ɇɚɪɤɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɚɥɢ/ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
05ɏɇɆ –
7–
ɏɇ –
ɏɇȺɆ –
ɏɇɆ –
N
&R
%–
<
1
&X
Y
&X
1
ɉɪɨɱɢɟ
B 005
Y
Zr -
1
Pɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Sɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
0–
0–
–
–
–
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
–
–
30–
Ɉɫɧ
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
5
15
–
–
–
–
–
–
97
–
–
–
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɚɥɢ/ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋ Si Mn Cr Ni Ti Al W Mo Nb V Fe
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɚɪɤɚ
–
ɑɋ
ɆȽɌɎɊ
ɏɇ
ɏɇȼɆ ɑɋ
ɏɇɆȻ ɑɋ
ɏɇȼɆɐ ɑɋ
ɉɪɨɱɢɟ
–
La ɢɥɢCe
–
–
La
–
–
–
Mg ɢɥɢCa
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Pɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
–
–
Sɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
–
–
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ
05–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1–2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
–
98
ɋ Si Mn Cr Ni Ti Al W Mo Nb V Fe
–
–
05–
–
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ
ɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ
Ɇɚɪɤɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɚɥɢ/ɫɩɥɚɜɚ Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɏɋɇɆɎȺ ȼɄɋ
ɏɇɆȼɎȻ ȼɄɋ
ɏɇȾ2ɆȻɌ ɗɉ
ɏɇ ɋɇ-Ⱥ
ɏɇɆɄɋȺ ȼɇɋ
ɉɪɨɱɢɟ
Y
N
–
–
–
–
–
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 6
Pɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
Sɧɟ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
–
–
–
–
–
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
–
–
–
–
–
–
0–
–0
–2
–
–
010
–
–
–
–
–
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
99
–
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋ Si Mn Cr Ni Ti Al W Mo Nb V Fe
ɨɛɨɡɧɚ
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ
ɫɬɚɥɢ/ɫɩɥɚɜɚ
Ɇɚɪɤɚ
–
ɱɟɧɢɟ
ɏɇɌ ɗɂ
ɏȽȺɇ ȼɇɋ
ɏɇȼɆɘɌ ɗɉ
ɏɇȼɆɌɘȻ ɗɉ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɪɟɥɶɫɨɜ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ȾɌɂɄ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɩɨɜɵ
ɲɟɧɧɨɣɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɢɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ
Ʉɪɢɜɵɟɦɚɥɵɯɢɫɪɟɞ
ɧɢɯɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜɩɪɢɥɸɛɨɣ
ɝɪɭɡɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɈɌɂɄ
ɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢɢɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣɜɵɧɨɫɥɢ
ɜɨɫɬɢ
ȾɌȼɋ
ȾɌɋɋ
ɈɌɋɋ
ȾɌɇɇ
ɈɌɇɇ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɞɥɹɜɵɫɨ
ɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɞɥɹɫɤɨ
ɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ
ɧɨɝɨɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɡɤɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟ
ɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɦɱ
ɉɭɬɢɞɥɹɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɭɡɨɜɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯɩɟɪɟɜɨ
ɡɨɤ–200 ɤɦɱ
ɉɨɥɨɝɢɟɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɜɭɫɥɨ
ɜɢɹɯɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɭɦɟ
ɪɟɧɧɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɥɢ
ɦɚɬɚɩɨȽɈɋɌ
Ƚɪɭɡɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɟɧɟɟɦɥɧɬāɤɦɤɦ
ɜɝɨɞ
ȾɌ
ɈɌ
ɇɌȼɋ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɪɨɤɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ
ɧɨɝɨɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɨɥɨɝɢɟɤɪɢɜɵɟȽɪɭ
ɡɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɧɟɟ
ɦɥɧɬāɤɦɤɦɜɝɨɞ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɯɩɨɟɡɞɨɜ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɦɱ
ɇɌ
ɇɟɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɹɦɵɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɩɭɬɢ
ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɝɪɭɡɨɧɚɩɪɹ
ɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢ-
ɬɟɧɵ
ɇɌ
ɇɌ
ɇɟɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɳɟɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɬɟɪɦɨɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɋɬɪɟɥɨɱɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵ
ɢɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧɵ
100
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]