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Файл:Английский язык для бухгалтеров. Учебное пособие
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READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
1. Scan the text and write the letter of the section where you can
find the following information. Do it as quickly as possible.
___ tasks of management accounting
___ financial accounting rules
___ stages of decision-making process
___ definition of management accounting
___ the history of management accounting
___ types of objectives
___ definition of the budget
___ Management Information System
___ decision-making model
___ cost information
___ strategic / operating decisions
___ routine / non-routine information
___ feedback loops
___ master budget
READING FOR DETAILS AND LANGUAGE STUDY: SECTION A
1. Check you understand the detailed questions below and answer them.
1. What is management accounting?
2. What is controversial about the role of management accounting?
3. What has management accounting evolved from?
4. When did modern systems of cost accounting begin to develop?
5. When did the term management accounting begin to be used?
6. Why has cost accounting evolved into management accounting?
2. The different meanings and interpretation of the term ‘management’ can be related as follows: People who wish to have a career as
a manager must study the discipline of management as a means toward
practicing the process of management.
So, ‘management’ can denote:
a) the people who control and operate a business or organization;
b) the process of controlling or managing something;
c) discipline – subject with principles, concepts and theories;
d) career.
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Read the sentences and define the meanings of the word “man-
agement” in them:
1. Talks between management and pilots ended in disagreement over
pay cuts.
2. In this company we have a new approach to management.
3. Senior management hired a consultant to do the study.
4. We study management to understand principles, concepts and theories and to learn how to apply them in the process of managing.
5. The restaurant is now under new management.
6. Joe Cardenas is on the fast track in our quality improvement. He
has held three management positions and is now after 10 years being promoted to the vice president level.
7. The heart of effective management is communication.
8. The management are having talks with the workers.
3. Find English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations.
1) оперативный учет, связанный с
нуждами управления, текущий анализ
хозяйственной деятельности
2) исчисление себестоимости
3) высшее исполнительное руково-
дство
4) бухгалтер с управленческими
функциями; главный бухгалтер-аналитик
5) информационная, управленческая
система
4. Find the words or phrases which mean the same as a – g:
a) a disagreement, especially about a public policy or a moral issue
that a lot of people have strong feelings about (1);
b) taking action and making changes before they need to be made, ra-
ther than waiting until problems develop (1);
c) less important than something else (2);
d) knowledge or understanding of a subject, issue, or situation(3);
e) complicated and advanced (3);
f) to think carefully about something before making a judgment about
its value, importance, or quality (3);
g) to make something stay the same, keep (3).
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5. Fill in the spaces in the sentences below using a suitable prepositions.
1. The recent controversy is one ____ the rates banks charge for exchanging currencies.
2. They're hoping the trade talks might evolve ___ a political dialogue.
3. The research project evolved ____ a concept first proposed in 1995.
4. We are here to give people advice ______ health issues.
5. The planning laws vary _____ town ______ town.
6. We need to see figures relating ____ the last six months.
7. Not much has been done ________ improving safety.
a) into; b) on; c) from; d) over; e) to; f) towards
6. Scan the text and match the sentences with the passages, to
which they belong. One sentence is extra.
The contemporary scene in management accounting shows four major
developments:
1. (__________________) Managers have difficulties interpreting
accounting information. Ways are being sought to improve communication
and interpretation of accounting information and to be more proactive in
assisting good planning, decision making and control.
2. Some academics believe that much accounting information, far
from being objective or neutral, is instead biased to support narrow management objectives which may be against the interests of workers or society. (__________________)
3. Management accounting has been fixated mainly on manufacturing
and other industrial activity. (________________)
4. New accounting technologies and approaches sometimes termed
strategic management accounting are being developed now. Some economists identified the needs for management accounting to adopt a more strategic perspective by reporting information relating to a firm’s markets and
its competitors. (________________)
a) There is a growing awareness that simply providing information to
managers is not sufficient.
b) Management accountants are working to develop accounting systems which are more suitable to service businesses, and public-sector enterprises, schools, universities, and local and central governments.
c) They are working to develop forms and conventions of accounting
which might overcome such problems.
d) Conventional management accounting systems were designed for
use in an environment which is very different from that of today.
e) It is likely that management accountants will become increasingly
involved in developing and implementing competitive strategies.
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READING FOR DETAILS AND LANGUAGE STUDY: SECTION B
1. Scan section B and answer the following questions?
1. What do the first 5 stages in the decision-making model represent?
2. What is planning?
3. What is the budget?
4. What is the first stage in the decision-making process?
5. What should objectives indicate?
6. What types of objectives do economists distinguish between?
7. What is the second stage in the decision-making model?
8. What does a strategic analysis involve?
9. What courses of action should the company consider?
10. What is the third stage in the decision-making process?
11. What criteria should be established for judging the merits of
strategies?
12. What is the forth stage in the decision-making process?
13. What decisions are referred to as long-run or strategic decisions?
14. What are short-term decisions based on?
15. What are examples of short-term decisions?
16. What is the fifth stage in the decision-making process?
17. What does the master budget consist of?
18. What do the final two stages represent?
19. What do performance reports provide?
2. Complete the following sentences.
1. When the decision involves business and economic questions, ac-
counting information is essential to the decision-making system because it
provides________________________ .
2. Planning includes _____________________ .
3. In planning for the future ________________ .
4. Control is the process of _____________________ .
5. Evaluation, which involves the whole decision system, is the
process of _____________________ .
6. It asks the question:______________ .
7. Evaluation information may be given in _________________ .
a) making choices between alternatives and is primarily a decisionmaking activity;
b) measuring and correcting actual performance (действительный
показатель) to ensure that the alternatives that are chosen and the plans for
implementing them are carried out;
c) quantitative information for three functions: planning, control, and
evaluation;
d) studying the decision system to improve it;
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e) accounting information dealing with projections of income and
Return on
budgets of cash requirements would also be important;
f) performance reports;
g) ‘Was the original goal met (feedback)?’.
3. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
Statements T F
1. The field of management accounting involves provid-
ing information to the managers of organizations.
2. The organization’s actual performance may not con-
form with the performance that was planned for it.
3. The planning function of management accounting re-
quires established standards of performance, and information
that indicates deviations between actual performance and the
established standards, and action to correct performance that
doesn’t meet the standards.
4. Strategy is a multidimensional concept that provides a
firm with direction and gives rise to the plans that assure that
goals are accomplished.
5. Controlling activities determine an organisation’s ob-
jectives and establish appropriate strategies for achieving them.
4. Match a line in A with a line in B to define the following terms:
A B
1. Feedback
2. Budget
3. Master
budget
4. Plans
5. Cash flow
6.
capital employed (ROCE)
a) A specialized type of plans, usually expressed
in money terms.
b) The key budgets at the top of the pyramid of
budget planning, which must be approved by top management.
c) Comparison of actual performance with
planned performance.
d) The relationship between the profit of an en-
terprise and the capital employed in generating that
profit.
e) The details of intended future operations
which, once agreed or approved, form commitments to
future actions.
f) The actual cash receipts and payments of an
enterprise for a particular accounting period.
35
5. Guess what definition in column B corresponds to the term in
column A.
A B
1. Crisis manage-
ment
2. Line manage-
ment
3. Middle manage-
ment
4. Knowledge man-
agement
5. Risk manage-
ment
a) Managers who are in charge of parts of an
organization and have less authority than the most
senior managers.
b) A management system in which instructions
are passed from a manager or worker to the person
at the next higher or lower level.
c) A policy within an organization of keeping
information about everyone's knowledge and training.
d) A method of working in which a manager
only makes decisions when there is a crisis.
e) A method of controlling losses or damage to
a business.
6. Match the words having the opposite meaning.
1) weakness
2) merit
3) short-term
4) revenues
5) profit
6) inflows
7) feedback
7. Substitution drill.
a) outflows
b) long-run
c) fault, defect, demerit
d) strength
e) feedforward
f) loss
g) expenses
Statement: The management accountant begins by reviewing corporate objectives to determine the funding they require.
Example: starts wit
– The management accountant starts with reviewing corporate objectives to determine the funding they require:
1) decide on 4) money
2) need 5) goals
3) controller 6) working out
36
8. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.
1) to accomplish
2) master
3) to signify
4) outcome
5) to enable
6) threat
7) guiding
8) feedback
9) current
10) to counter
11) prior
12) feasibility
13) capability
14) alternative
a) response
b) directing
c) to realize
d) to authorize
e) option
f) present
g) danger, risk
h) result
i) practicability
j) previous
k) to mean
l) to oppose
m) ability, capacity
n) main, prime, chief
9. Give Russian equivalents for the following English words and
word combinations:
1) sales revenues
2) expenses
3) performance report
4) course of action
5) budgeted costs
6) balance sheet
7) feedback
8) economic mission
9) return on capital
10) corporate objective
a) сметные затраты
b) оперативная сводка выполне-
ния сметы; отчёт об исполнении сметы
c) образ действия
d) бухгалтерский баланс
e) издержки
f) цель деятельности фирмы
g) экономическая цель
h) доход от товарооборота
i) обратная связь
j) прибыль на капитал
10. Which word in BOX A below do you think is most closely connected with which word in BOX B? What is the connection between
each pair of words?
meant simply ‘cash expenditures’:
Example: 1/h) CONNECTION: Until modern times ‘costs’ usually
A B
1) costs
2) management accounting
a) feedback information
b) operating
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3) performance report
4) strategy
5) long run
6) the mission
7) short-term
8) planning
9) strategic analysis
10) controlling
11) financial accounts
management statement
c) plan
d) strategic
e) the aim of an organization
f) master budget
g) decision making
h) cash expenditures
i) cost accounting
j) environmental uncertainty
and threats
k) responses to divergences
profit and loss accounts
Work in pairs. Explain your solution to your partner. S/he will decide
whether to accept the connections you give.
11. Scan Section B and find English equivalents of the following
Russian word combinations:
1) использовать сильные стороны компании
2) доля рынка
3) подразделение внутри организации
4) максимально увеличить поток наличности
5) застигать врасплох
6) оценить достоинства стратегии
7) подходить для достижения цели организации
8) сильные стороны компании
9) противостоять угрозам внешних условий
(внешней среды)
10) справиться с противодействием конкурентов
11) приемлемый уровень риска
12) соответствующие данные
13) добывать финансовые средства
14) быть ответственным за выполнение различ-
ных решений
15) сравнивание запланированных и фактических
результатов
Vocabulary skills: choosing the right meaning:
In Section A of Unit I you saw that word “account” has more than one
meaning, depending on the context. The ability to choose the correct meaning of a word in a particular context is an important vocabulary skill which
help you to understand and use correctly words you already know, and also
to use a dictionary effectively.
38
12. Find and study the sentences in the text containing the words
in capitals in the next exercise. Choose the appropriate dictionary definition:
E.g. TO ASSESS
1) to calculate what something costs or is worth;
2) to consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a
judgement.
Answer: 2
1. TO JUDGE:
a) to form an opinion about something after considering all the details
or facts;
b) to decide who or what is the winner of a competition;
c) to criticize someone because you think their moral behaviour is not
very good;
d) to decide whether or not someone is guilty in a court of law.
2. ULTIMATE:
a) relating to the origins or basic form of something: fundamental;
b) happening at the end of a process or activity: eventual;
c) maximum, highest possible.
3. TO RAISE:
a) put in higher position;
b) collect money;
c) take care of children;
d) build something.
4. PROFOUND:
a) very great;
b) deep;
c) having or using thorough knowledge and deep understanding.
5. REVIEW:
a) examine something again;
b) give opinion of play etc;
c) check someone ill again;
d) study for test.
6. CONFORM:
a) to obey something such as a rule or law;
b) to be similar to an idea of what is normal
c) to behave in a way that people think is correct or suitable.
39
Word-building
13. Study the words from the text in the column on the left below.
Write all the words in the same family, prefixes and suffixes you know
in your notebook, and use this information to decide what you think
each word might mean. Then check your ideas by looking at the word
in context in the text.
Word from the text Related words, prefixes, suffixes
1) removal remove, removable, - al
2) uncertainty un-certain-ty
3) weakness
4) profitable
5) enable
6) environmental
7) comparison
8) divergence
9) performance
10) interdependence
11) identify
12) suitability
14. Choose one of the words from the table to complete the following sentences.
1. There were some doubts about his ___________ for the job.
2. Table 2 provides a ____________ with last year's results.
3. There is an _____________ between central government and local
government.
4. Several key problems have already been ___________ .
5. Some _____________ groups have declared a boycott of tourism
on the island.
6. They listed the strengths and ____________ of their product.
7. Some of their new electronic products are highly _________ .
8. There is a wide __________ of opinions on this issue.
9. The fall in the value of the pound will ___________ us to export
more goods.
10. The consequences of failure would certainly mean her _________
from office.
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